https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/blog-2 daily 0.75 2020-07-16 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/blog-2/blog-post-title-one-exf5c monthly 0.5 2020-05-20 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/blog-2/blog-post-title-two-492d8 monthly 0.5 2020-05-20 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/blog-2/blog-post-title-three-ajs4g monthly 0.5 2020-05-20 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/blog-2/blog-post-title-four-swjmn monthly 0.5 2020-05-20 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/about daily 1.0 2026-03-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586012676439-JNYMN7O7IZ6JR7JTJZ6G/Newly_arrived_coolies_in_Trinidad.jpg Home - The Ameena Gafoor Institute for the Study of Indentureship and its Legacies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586021169973-R51S02XROD9X99N5KZK2/13227271015_dd1fde7c37_o.jpg Home - Who We Are The Ameena Gafoor Institute for the Study of Indentureship and its Legacies (in partnership with the Pluto Educational Trust) has been set up to advance understanding about indentureship and its global impacts. The study of Indentureship is largely unrepresented throughout academia, with universities in the West paying little or no attention to the history, lives and efforts of indentured labourers and their descendants. At the Ameena Gafoor Institute, we will aim to remedy this through publishing, scholarships, professorships and conferences. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1583937477851-N3P8R979A2QYTYZ4WPWY/east-indians-cooking.jpg Home - Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies The Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1605196732576-4ZMVK11LJVMTWUPK13NV/CHINESE_COOLIES.jpg Home - The Oral History Project https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1583937778586-M0UTITB1X18Y68IV9WDQ/National_Archives_2007_02_03.jpg Home - The University of Cambridge The Annual Visiting Gafoor Professorship https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/40a9234a-30b1-478d-afd2-b53bd3a0dce6/3.jpg Home - Emerging Scholarship and Art Emerging Scholarship and Art https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1583438429725-64GWGZSNKVXXBGX69W3M/louis-renaudineau-79dDz5e_vdE-unsplash.jpg Home - Webinars and Conferences The Annual International Conference on Indentureship and its Legacies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/5a602821-9b6d-46db-828d-5a8cbd57cfeb/Untitled+%287%29.jpg Home - Brij V. Lal Prize https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603909063345-AR980QNFJC9BLZ8XXTEK/Chinese_coolies_carry_their_burdens.jpg Home - Bibliography https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603909089985-J4I248MA818CW3WCPW1K/image.jpg Home - Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603909757245-TBYP5J0PSG2DQJIGUNEB/BHARAT.jpg Home - Public Articles https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1601307762610-VQ28HNBBZHUKNROVAO65/22208356574_50a692d70b_o.jpg Home - Visual Materials https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/patrons daily 0.75 2025-05-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1595837036781-TRD2BAHKKR330P65N9N9/image0+%281%29.jpeg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588257384027-B3NINI0V33O6QS2HWWC5/20191215_101247.jpg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588582278591-67GEQ67VF78M5B283CPA/BIOG-40-dark-clare-short-1.jpg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1587398446677-E7JEUEFA4M78XB8LT2VI/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Parekh.jpg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590749452391-VCMPQO0EDZ6VAYMJQ23X/David-Olusoga-Staying-Power-screen-res.jpg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588263118533-7AZCVHF3ILWZ7WQNCKEV/image0.jpg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1599049916625-MZKAT9V2JQ6GR2UKDL68/Khal-Torabully.jpg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/592f4748-10f4-484f-9ccd-30f739d22835/Clive+Myrie.jpg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/311cbb14-11fc-41c6-bfa7-f211aa29f3e1/Henry+Lovejoy.jpg Patrons https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1595867020346-SYK6AP2DAGRF8B310T2Z/IMG_0062.jpg Patrons https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/a-history-of-indentureship daily 0.75 2020-08-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586017539286-55DM4WS1K4XVU1WDN94X/13226374243_458e4f2626_o.jpg Indentureship - Background An indenture, as a temporary contract or agreement between an employer and labourer, has existed in myriad cultures and incarnations for centuries. However, from the 16th century onwards, the European desire to exploit the agricultural possibilities of their new colonies meant the system took on a vaster nature. Workers were contracted to work for an employer for a period of years (embarking on international voyages from which few would return), frequently enticed by the promise that completion of the indenture contract could sometimes include a portion of land to settle on in lieu of a voyage home. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589292090954-W0AVB1NZ3VG2VKBS9SP1/e43e9394-181a-4433-a4bd-b7aff6a7b1be.jpg Indentureship - Affected Countries Australia, Barbados, China, Cuba, Fiji, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Malaysia, Martinique, Mauritius, Peru, Portugal, Réunion, Samoa, Singapore, Solomon Islands, South Africa, Sri Lanka, St Lucia, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591186415390-R967KE6AB7QMURV6TBDN/453%2C063.png Indentureship - Emigration of Indian Indentured Labourers Lal, B.V., 2012. Chalo Jahaji: On a journey through indenture in Fiji. Anu E Press. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590750138075-18SGJIY24F30ZH5EP927/13226445914_4a69ef3d27_o.jpg Indentureship https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586010479841-A30F3AZSBBGQNCI9F7V1/8023239414_f8272a123a_o.jpg Indentureship - Legacy It is testament to the resilience of indentured communities that resistance to colonialism and to indenture were always a feature of plantation life. Whether they were protesting through physical uprisings on estates or legal challenges and testimonies, the indentured did not experience the system passively and their determination to preserve their identity has paid dividends for their descendants. Through cuisine, language, music, dance, religion, and cultural practices, the descendants of indentured labourers were able to connect themselves to the traditions of their ancestors. Many thrived in their new countries of abode becoming entrepreneurs, businessmen/women, lawyers, doctors, engineers, sportsmen/women, politicians, writers and artists. Their efforts helped to shape the economies and cultures of the various societies they inhabited. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/our-team daily 0.75 2023-05-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589186260073-OPLLO8T1BNF9SRC2IGXS/David_4x6.jpg About us David Dabydeen, Director Professor David Dabydeen is a Guyanese novelist, poet and academic. He was Guyana's Ambassador to UNESCO from 1997 to 2010 and Guyana's Ambassador to China from 2010 to 2015. David also served at the University of Warwick from 1984 to 2017… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591090733196-DOELH36USE5DPZUI1QF7/Yvette021.jpg About us Yvette Hoskings-James Yvette Hoskings-James is an experienced commercial lawyer with UK and international experience. She is currently working as an assistant general counsel for a professional association for the accounting profession, where she works on a wide range of legal matters… Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589186291996-6O134F53N4H4UNG7997W/Roger_4x6_Headshot.jpg About us Roger van Zwanenberg Roger van Zwanenberg has had three lives, first as an African academic historian from 1969 to 1975; and second as a Book Publisher from 1976 to 2012. He is now in retirement and is the Founder of the Pluto Educational Trust, a charity; Ollema Ltd… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589186404195-7YMJ0KM88JHD65LM3EWR/PHOTO-202.jpg About us Indeera Payne Indeera Payne, a graduate from the Open University, lectured at Lambeth College between 1997 and 2018. Aside from teaching, Indeera was responsible for assessing and verifying candidates for mainstream courses and apprenticeship programmes. She is currently a Verification Specialist for Transport for London. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589535272271-1VZTIMQXQNNJIIXNWCUK/Mark%2BTumbridge.jpg About us Mark Tumbridge Mark Tumbridge teaches in the Department of Language and Cultural Studies at the University of Guyana. He graduated from Brunel University, and after winning the inaugural David Nicholls Memorial Trust Scholarship, he was admitted to the University of Warwick… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620664726964-AL00HAT511HJKOQNQ7KW/IMG_7304+2.jpeg About us - Priscilla Velvindron Priscilla Velvindron Priscilla Velvindron is a professional French Interpreter and Administrator. She was born in Mauritius, and spent her childhood there. She worked as an Administrative Assistant at University College London, and was a key member of a team tasked with… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589185783504-PLEIPQTGIEUWPUEFAFWD/IanMarshallO506.jpg About us Ian Marshall Ian Marshall is a chartered accountant who has worked in banking and insurance for the past 40 years. He is currently a non-executive director of a London market insurance firm and has for the past 10 years also been a senior advisor at the Bank of England. Ian has been active in public and charitable… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590141737803-Y696XWRZ8RU5ZMSU2CCB/Maria_Nov2018_025web.jpg About us Maria del Pilar Kaladeen Maria del Pilar Kaladeen is an Associate Fellow at the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London. Her academic work focuses on colonial literature about the indenture system in Guyana and her book, With Eyes of Wonder: Colonial Writing on Indentured Indians in British Guiana 1838-1917 read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591001211630-SXILCSQE2GUEROLKJUBG/image.jpg About us Tao Leigh Goffe Tao Leigh Goffe is an Assistant Professor of literary theory and cultural history at Cornell University. She leads the Afro-Asia Group, and has a joint appointment between the Department of Africana Studies and Programme in Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies. Tao Leigh Goffe’s academic work examines… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590141785536-BWNTKK011XNXZKW1IVL5/Large%252BJPG-Aro%252BHa_0428.jpg About us Amar Wahab Amar Wahab is Associate Professor in Gender and Sexuality, at York University, Toronto. His publications include Disciplining Coolies: An Archival Footprint of Trinidad, 1846 (in Series on Transnationalism, Peter Lang Publishing Inc., 2019) and Colonial Inventions: Landscape, Power and Representation in Nineteenth-Century ‘Trinidad’ read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590679323207-GHSQ8VAZ1W1BYF79B0MB/image-asset.jpeg About us Arlen Harris, Film Consultant Arlen Harris is an award winning programme maker with over 30 years experience in the industry, working mainly for British broadcasters such as Channel 4, Channel 5, ITV and BBC TV and Radio. He has also produced programmes for National Geographic… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1594831963791-VDQ2HJSR8EW0GUKT6VQ0/Untitled+design.png About us Lynne Macedo, Website Co-Editor Lynne Macedo is Associate Fellow of the Yesu Persaud Centre for Caribbean Studies at the University of Warwick, UK. She has previously worked as joint editor of the Caribbean Press and Guyana Classics series. Her 2001 doctoral dissertation was entitled Fiction and Film: The Influence of Cinema on Writers from Trinidad and Jamaica… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/fae3b828-5a02-45db-a636-c3f3fe3c21c1/bf9b8d3e-d6b3-4b04-9a69-fae4008adcb9.jpg About us Ben Jacob, Academic Advisor on New and Emerging Research Ben Jacob is a postgraduate student at the University of Cambridge, where his research focusses on plantation worlds in the nineteenth century. His undergraduate dissertation at the University of Oxford explored the intimate lives and literatures of Indian labourers aboard indentured voyages, and was awarded the Herbert Prize for best dissertation in colonial history… read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/fe8199dc-ac97-4b12-a325-32aceba7d9f1/WhatsApp+Image+2023-05-07+at+21.43.30.jpg About us - Make it stand out Salah Abdul Salam, Researcher Salah Abdul Salam, from Kochi, India, is a researcher for the Ameena Gafoor Institute, engaged in an oral history project, interviewing a variety of people on historical and contemporary Hindu—Muslim relations in Kochi and Kerala. Previously he was Service Assistant Manager for the Old Harbour Hotel Kochi and Hub Manager for a local tourism company. He is currently studying for the Bachelor of Commerce degree at Mangaluru University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/fc41e6fc-20e4-4d81-873c-9eb3e45fc241/Eve.jpg About us - Eve Kanram Eve Kanram https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/projects daily 0.75 2025-10-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1583937748044-9S3M7CNQ5F2BB80F9OY5/National_Archives_2007_02_03.jpg All Projects - Visiting Fellowship in Indentureship Studies The Ameena Gafoor Institute and the University of Cambridge has set up a visiting fellowship in indentureship studies. This programme allows a scholar to spend eight weeks at the University, conducting research, it will run for an initial five years. Selwyn College, Cambridge, has appointed Professor Gaiutra Bahadur, author of Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture, as its first visiting bye-fellow in Indentureship Studies. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586018628712-ANTTO0JFX9A4ADCNNR20/east-indians-cooking.jpg All Projects - Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies The Ameena Gafoor Institute is working on publishing the Journal of Indentureship and its Legacies, the purpose of which is to create a unique and unprecedented academic space where the study of indentureship, as a distinct form of unfree labour, can be analysed in all its forms. No such Journal currently exists anywhere in the world, in spite of the critical importance of indentureship to world history. It will be led, initially, by academics Professor David Dabydeen, Dr Maria del Pilar Kaladeen and Professor Amar Wahab. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1583438429725-64GWGZSNKVXXBGX69W3M/louis-renaudineau-79dDz5e_vdE-unsplash.jpg All Projects - The Annual International Conference on Indentureship and its Legacies The Ameena Gafoor Institute is currently organising an Annual International Conference on Indentureship and its Legacies in London, which will aim to bring together scholars, and create a platform for them to share their work to a wider audience. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1605197231846-W0HYKBUXT1CMRLGHM8YJ/CHINESE_COOLIES.jpg All Projects - The Oral History Project The Ameena Gafoor Institute is grateful to veteran filmmaker Arlen Harris and his team for creating the Oral History Project by way of conducting, editing and enhancing through visual materials, the various interviews. Arlen Harris has worked on and produced programmes that have received Sony and Royal Television Society (RTS) awards. The RTS recognises excellence in Television and its awards set the gold standard for Film and Television productions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1632142289731-U4I4FLGZPAIL3JG0OIES/Chinese_coolies_carry_their_burdens.jpg All Projects - Emerging Scholarship and Art Explore the work of new and emerging scholars and artists. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/bc7045c6-360c-4b1a-a586-8b857de49121/Untitled+%287%29.jpg All Projects - Brij V. Lal Prize In memory of late Professor Brij V.Lal, who passed away on Christmas day, 2021, the Lal family has established an annual Brij V. Lal Prize (Indian Indentureship, Girmit and Gimitya, and its Legacies) for the best published article in any academic journal covering the broad subject of Indian indentureship, Girmit and Girmitya, and its legacies. ‘Legacies’ is taken to mean the specific legacies of the Indian indenture – including diasporic descendants of the original indentured migrants. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/contact daily 0.75 2025-03-07 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/conferences daily 0.75 2025-05-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/64852c06-4341-433b-9bb6-2fbdf02b16d3/Lenroy.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/5aaabc7e-046b-4cce-8ded-b0c7f5f2337f/AGI+ICC+04.12.2022.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/d7662195-9235-4186-9ffe-e1438e968824/ICC+AGI+05.11.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/828673c3-7b99-4f38-b1ee-bcf7ceb61861/IMG-20241023-WA0005.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1f14bd8c-ac81-4214-b20e-75410779917a/ICC+AGI+21.09.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/384d4a46-b52d-4201-96d8-08c3bce12fbb/IMG-20211104-WA0008+%281%29.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/403aeebc-791c-408e-b87c-85f38ac63225/AGI+ICC+13.11.2022.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/978c9dbc-fce4-4557-abc1-87a0c183bebb/ICC+AGI+15.10.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/5b742c96-da46-40b4-84f3-0140427bfa99/IMG-20240907-WA0004.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/80d332fc-4c09-49b6-bf7a-f058fe16cc7a/ICC+AGI+14.09.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/0aa34f62-3836-4211-8fde-f401d86efc91/24th+Oct+Event.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/50bfb790-6d81-4e8b-b11d-de05b8e9aa50/AGI+ICC+09.10.2022.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/6510c601-7447-46f9-8ab7-59b572d6e348/ICC+AGI+01.10.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/872ab192-5ce1-49da-993e-c70801624f43/IMG-20240810-WA0001.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/71e31bdd-deda-4242-84da-96d8cac9658c/ICC+AGI+31.08.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/605f3872-1ef1-4b09-859c-937dfdb51d85/WhatsApp+Image+2021-09-25+at+23.57.36.jpeg Conferences 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Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/ab651c81-e42e-4dd4-8188-769f2fe136d5/ICC+AGI+14.04.2024.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/8681a289-25f3-4904-969f-08020db2edb1/ICC+AGI+17.08.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/18373f50-4dbc-423b-8a7e-7f4edbd87fd3/Artboard+2%281%29+%2817%29.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/538839fb-cdeb-4916-b26b-16f0cdf56441/ICC+AGI+21.08.2022.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/99380e83-a38d-4347-ab27-77d8fef6208a/ICC+AGI+30.07.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/7d0e2e0c-fe37-46a4-8e55-4f0575d61bf4/IMG-20240320-WA0002.jpg Conferences 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Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/ca82b81d-213a-4e6b-905d-5b971f94a330/ICC+AGI+07.05.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/36eab954-873c-4d06-b890-99b5ac5f119d/ICC+AGI+15.06.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620826714385-BUCI514GHMP4N6TFQ90O/WhatsApp+Image+2021-05-12+at+13.32.32.jpeg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/2fce69d9-2f25-4e01-9a8e-8a08a6889442/AGI+ICC+24.04.2022.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/4a835470-144a-4dba-bc3f-406620a0fa74/ICC+AGI+30.04.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/ca92db13-06b4-4cc4-b9c1-cc39b9cecca6/ICC+AGI+08.06.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/2bd425d1-30de-44f3-bd7c-e39b6e12cffc/AGI+ICC+20.03.2022+Event.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/ef1d7b64-f157-42c0-91b4-3b0b8e2a8533/ICC+AGI+02.04.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/25620df9-8ca3-4a49-a935-5798b13a8e16/ICC+AGI+01.06.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/256ee876-22d7-4247-bbc3-8126276d4c00/ICC_AGI_06.03.2022.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/e7f65946-465e-43fb-b2d4-21255fc73fd1/ICC+AGI+26.03.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/c3b6164e-c096-4adb-b8f3-8841a1483455/ICC+AGI+25.01.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/a6bb8e7b-022f-4431-8412-bcdffd29e3c6/icc+agi+05.03.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/9cf475ee-f119-461f-be50-0c322c331b91/ICC+AGI+18.05.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/ed0acb6a-fceb-4f68-bd00-87ffd021ba0e/icc+AGI+05.02.2023.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/7114df2e-2c3f-4199-89d3-6c1c325c7fcb/ICC+AGI+11.05.2025.jpg Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/6a4e1f4c-49b0-45b0-bcb7-c5f888cc9fa7/AGI+ICC+27.01.2023.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/6054df55-7cff-4b1a-a9f1-31a8f77fcf5c/ICC+AGI+08.01.2023.png Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/127d162a-7ac8-4b0c-972c-a3291737a9a0/dsc_0790-_shimla_septembre_2019.jpg Conferences - Kala pani Crossings #3: Across the Oceans: Post-Indentureship Trans-Oceanic Transformations 22nd-24th February 2024 This conference follows up on the seminar ‘Kala pani Crossings: India in Conversation’ that was held at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla (Sept 2019), and on the symposium ‘Diaspora and Gender across the Indian and Atlantic Oceans’ that was hosted by the University of Pondicherry (Feb 2020). It also seeks to build on the publications that emerged from these two academic events (Kala Pani Crossings: Revisiting 19th century Migrations from India’s Perspective, Routledge 2021; Kala Pani Crossings, Gender and Diaspora: Indian Perspectives, Routledge, forthcoming 2023). Find out more here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/f2343ff6-f5d1-4f8d-9b1a-619fb88f6471/Country+conference+flyer.jpg Conferences - History, Ancestry and Heritage: The Vincentian Identity and Heritage - From whence we came 19th - 20th July 2022 Presenters would shed light from when we came and the influence on our heritage. The Early beginnings, from the indigenous peoples through to the influence of the British/Scottish colonizers; the Portuguese and Indians. Social Change—Migration, Independence, Medicine; the Women’s movement, Trade Unionism, the development of local businesses and the Black Power movement The lasting impact of La Soufriere on History and Heritage You can watch this event on YouTube here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/2f49aaea-fa47-4a24-88f4-5a92cf62b209/image_2022-01-10_172756.jpg Conferences - The Saga of Girmitiya Migration: Re-engaging the Homeland, Culture, History and Memory 27th-29th April 2022 The Department of Languages, Manipal University, Jaipur, in collaboration with the Indentured Labour Route Project, Gathari Girmitiya Research Foundation, Antar Rashtriya Sahayog Parishad and Banaras Hindu University is excited to host a three-day International Conference on The Saga of Girmitiya Migration: Re-engaging the Homeland, Culture, History and Memory. Download the CFP here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1619022582097-LAUJHVTILI2FJRY6BLF1/4290349659_2e0b1fbb01_o.jpg Conferences - Perspectives on Guyana-India Relations from 1838-2021: A Virtual Symposium 29th April 2021 Online via Zoom The University of Guyana in partnership with the High Commission of India in Guyana is pleased to invite you to Perspectives on Guyana-India Relations from 1838-2021: A Virtual Symposium. Guest Speakers: H. E. Dr K. J. Srinivasa, High Commissioner of India Prof Paloma Mohamed Martin, Vice-Chancellor, XI, University of Guyana Please click here for more information. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1614780287906-5L0U8R7NE271NH0GBMVJ/Slavery+and+Indentureship+Seminar.jpg Conferences - Slavery and Indentureship: the Concept of Coolitude 22nd March 2021 Online via Zoom The Ameena Gafoor Institute for the Study of Indentureship and its Legacies is delighted to invite you to its inaugural seminar on ‘Slavery and Indentureship: the Concept of Coolitude’ on the 22nd of March 2021 at 6pm GMT. The event is in honour of the memory of Dr Cheddi Jagan, whose birthday falls on the 22nd of March. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1583941332686-NOQJVS6Y5832VEZEGVTC/13227413435_ceb02f4aef_o.jpg Conferences - Phagwa in the Global Village: Traditions, Innovations and Future Developments 30th January 2021 Online via Zoom The National Council of Indian Culture (Trinidad and Tobago) Heritage Center invites you to submit abstract proposals for a virtual international academic conference entitled “Phagwa in the Global Village.” The Phagwa festival (Holi) has been an integral part of the lives of Diasporic Indians the world over. It originated in India and spread throughout the world where Indians settled either as indentured immigrants or free men. While it has gained in popularity over the years, few efforts have been made to study this festival from an academic standpoint. Download conference call for papers here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1610638165858-JHC8FZ8R43UI58SIDKZK/4291090384_7bb4f13529_o.jpg Conferences - 5th Girmit Charcha Indian Diaspora in Guyana &Guyanese Diaspora 16th January 2020 Online via Zoom Organised by the Girmit Charcha Forum. Forum Founder and Chair: Dr. Primnath Gooptar Convener: Dr. Sarita Nandmehar Meeting URL: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/85623263048?pwd=N2w0YUh6enc0V04zMzR1RFZ tMnNMZz09 Meeting ID: 856 2326 3048 Passcode: 59552 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603729369198-JQM6ITNIUX95NB23P2RC/13227490804_8928e8409e_o.jpg Conferences - Building Our Future: Love & Solidarity as the Pathway to Justice 20-22nd November 2020 Every year Jahajee Sisters' Indo-Caribbean Women's Empowerment Summit brings together hundreds of community members, partners and allies to build connections, exchange learnings and envision solutions to the social justice challenges we see in our communities. For the first time ever, this year's Summit will be a 3-day virtual conference open to all from across the globe to mobilize toward an end to gender injustice in the Indo-Caribbean community and beyond. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589381760976-Z7A6QL4NYBNK6US3W5RN/8023267848_2ee3d31d69_o.jpg Conferences - Centenary of the Abolition of Social Commitment at UNESCO Maison de l'UNESCO, Paris In 2020, UNESCO will celebrate the centenary of the abolition of the “coolie” trade though an event named "Memories of easements, centenary of the abolition of commitment ". This event will address discussions and recommendations made at the International Indentured Labour Route Project meeting in 2014. The event will also act in accordance with the Cultural Diversity Charter of UNESCO (September 11, 2002). En savoir plus ici → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1587990909602-MDVJGUFJPGWM507Y0XPH/8023270467_7a01842340_o.jpg Conferences - 1# conference on "The Indenture Legacy" 26-27th November 2020 Université de Nantes, France The Centre for Research in International History and History of the Atlantic (CRHIA) at the University of Nantes, will be setting up a conference which will address diaspora formation in the wake of indenture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589201266309-Y0G62ILT9ZNSW58VORCP/nypl.digitalcollections.5e66b3e9-25e5-d471-e040-e00a180654d7.001.w.jpg Conferences - Indian Indenture: Trauma, resilience, recovery 17th October 2020 Online workshop BAATN collaborated with The National Archives to present an online workshop on Indian indentured labour and want to continue the dialogue with Legacy information and links. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1600444175879-E5WHRZUFA55MW9F6L0DR/My-Post.png Conferences - Unfreedom and Capitalism: Online Workshop on Economic Contributions of Slavery and Indenture 18th September 2020 This workshop will bring together Economists and Historians who work in the area of unfreedom and unfree labour within the context of colonialism. The webinar will feature the three following themes: 1) Political Economy of Unfreedom, 2) Labour Market Realities and Conditions of Work and 3) Contribution of Unfree Labour to Capitalist Development. Find out more → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1597847225626-SCZN9YYC8VQYUE30BH8V/image001.png Conferences - World Indian Diaspora Conference: Post Indentureship Movements and Trends 22-23rd August 2020 Held Online via Zoom The National Council of Indian Culture of Trinidad and Tobago (NCIC) in collaboration with the University of the West Indies (UWI) and the UNESCO Indentured Labour Route Project invites you to join in a virtual conference in commemoration of the formal abolition of the Indian Indentureship system (1920) from August 22-23, 2020. This conference offers an opportunity for diasporic researchers and scholars to engage in global dialogue. In the context of globalizing similarities and differences, such dialogue is important as it facilitates the development and sharing of knowledge, and the establishment of international collaborative relations. This conference is committed to advancing the achievement of a progressive diasporic world community through collaboration and dialogue on various issues through the exchange of ideas, concerns, solutions, problems, person-to-person contacts and professional relationships. For more information about this event, please visit the NCIC Heritage Centre’s Facebook page. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796124632-GF5LQHTTKPSOE3ZCTLY2/14798723593_83e37537ee_o.jpg Conferences - World Indian Diaspora Conference 2020 29th May - 1st June 2020 University of the West Indies, Trinidad and Tobago This conference will focus on presenting opportunities for diasporic researchers and scholars to engage in global dialogue and advance the achievement of a progressive Indian diasporic world community through collaboration and dialogue on various issues through the exchange of ideas, concerns, solutions, problems, person-to-person contacts and professional relationships. More information → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586538481272-UV6G93YV9ENZP0YQM23R/affiche_pondicherry_2020.jpg Conferences - Symposium on Kala pani Crossings #2 26th-27th February 2020 Pondicherry University, Puducherry Co-convened by Professor Kalpana Rao, Dr Ritu Tyagi and Dr Judith Misrahi-Barak, this symposium follows up on the seminar ‘Kala pani Crossings: India in Conversation’ that was held in September 2019. Kala pani Crossings #2: Diaspora and Gender across the Indian and Atlantic Oceans intends to focus more precisely on the gender dimension in the migrations and in the historiography. More information → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586537128978-KONWHGQ2HXKLMF738U83/dsc_0790-_shimla_septembre_2019.jpg Conferences - International Conference on Kala Pani Crossings #1 23rd-25th September 2019 Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla To reclaim this forgotten chapter of Indian history, the Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS), Shimla, hosted the International Conference on Kala Pani Crossings. This event was co-convened by Ashutosh Bhardwaj, a writer and journalist, and Dr Judith Misrahi-Barak, Associate Professor at University Paul-Valery, EMMA, Montpellier, France. More information → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586795689158-XMOR8ZBDGFJ5NPOV6WIL/4291090384_7bb4f13529_o.jpg Conferences - Gafoor Lecture in Indentureship and its Legacies 29th September 2019 The Classic, London In collaboration with the Yesu Persaud Centre for Caribbean Studies at the University of Warwick, Guyana SPEAKS hosted this lecture to explore the lives of indentured labourers in Guyana. The event focused on indentured Indo-Guyanese women, the life of Yesu Persuad and The Evolution of Writing in English by and about East Indians of Guyana 1838-2018 by Ameena Gafoor. This event was co-convened by Professor David Dabydeen and Dr Juanita Cox. A video of the lecture can be found here. More information → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1595252679242-AGL8FFIHG8303DJ57V44/4291090608_865049cb72_o.jpg Conferences - Indentureship and Forced Labour Conference 15th-17th July 2019 Global Girmit Institute, Fiji This Fiji conference is inter-disciplinary and inter-ethnic. It focuses on history and the contemporary reality of migration. Some 125 scholars from around the world have submitted abstracts for presentation of papers on a variety of subjects. These include comparative aspects of forced African, Indian, Chinese, and Pacific labor. The scope of presentations includes many countries impacted by slavery, indentureship, and forced migration. More information can be found from Farzana Gounder’s website and Kaieteur News. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586015094417-ZDTTQJ52J35M62XECX8Q/13227675614_15b2cc628e_o.jpg Conferences - Gafoor Lecture on Indentureship Studies 28th November 2018 Senate House, London Featuring live music and poetry, the Yesu Persaud Centre for Caribbean Studies (University of Warwick) and the Institute of Commonwealth Studies presented the second Gafoor Lecture on Indentureship Studies, delivered by Professor Tina K. Ramnarine, Royal Holloway, University of London. This event was convened by Professor David Dabydeen, and Maria del Pilar Kaladeen. More information → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1601307762610-VQ28HNBBZHUKNROVAO65/22208356574_50a692d70b_o.jpg Conferences - Engagism unite humanities to the International Festival of Coolitude (FIC) 9th June 2018 The Festival of Coolitude brought together artists, activists, academics and researchers from around fifteen countries to take part in the very first global festival linked to indentureship. More information → Le FIC vient de se terminer en Guadeloupe. Il a mis en présence artistes, activistes, universitaires, chercheurs d’une quinzaine de pays, afin d’acter le tout premier festival mondial lié à l’engagisme. En savoir plus ici → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1597654797779-XWQOQZBODPI79LTFZ70O/13228451494_4eabae4262_o.jpg Conferences - Reflections on State of Indo-Caribbean Diaspora 100 years After Indentureship 2nd September 2017 Columbia University, New York On occasion of 100th anniversary of abolition of Indenturedship, the Foundation for India and Indian Diaspora Studies (FIIDS) would like to host a conference on History, Present and Future of Indentured Indian Diaspora. Various experts would present their comments on the diaspora’s struggle, survival of culture and success in building an influential community from historical as well as socio-political-anthropological perspective. More information → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586789795182-GHDW4NI9E7RXXDG54C4H/8188704990_77e2ee231f_o.jpg Conferences - Indenture Abolition Centenary 6th-7th October 2017 Senate House, London The Yesu Persaud Centre for Caribbean Studies at the University of Warwick and the Centre for Postcolonial Studies, London University hosted this conference to mark the centenary of the abolition of indentureship in the British Empire. The event was co-convened by Professor David Dabydeen and Professor David Lambert, representing the Yesu Persaud Centre for Caribbean Studies; Dr Maria Kaladeen, representing The Institute for Commonwealth Studies, London University; and Professor Tina K. Ramnarine, representing Royal Holloway, University of London. The Conference was jointly funded by the University of Warwick, The Institute for Commonwealth Studies and the Gafoor Foundation. More information → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1597656375655-HIH75655GOBZ0BWGR5LG/7629716782_e4b13b2afc_o.jpg Conferences - Commemoration of Centennial of Abolition of Indian Indentureship (CCAII) 22nd-24th March 2017 Girmit Centre, Fiji The primary objective of the conference is to facilitate discourse on all aspects related to Girmit, in Girmitya countries and in others where Girmitya descendants have migrated. Any and every aspect of Girmit and its descendants from 1834 onwards is covered. More information → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603725245748-DIQWUMNV2BIVFG003IFN/4291093960_416652463e_o.jpg Conferences - Cultural presentations, discussions, conference to mark centenary of abolition of Indian indentureship 17th-20th March 2020 An academic conference, cultural presentations and speeches commemorating the 100th anniversary of the official abolition of Indian indentureship were highligts of the Indian Diaspora World Convention 2017 held in Trinidad & Tobago March 17 to 20. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590506993273-QYTMYI4GDQQPSGG3SWQS/8517394143_04f59c9c66_o.jpg Conferences - The International Indentured Labour Route Project 2nd October 2014 Maison de l'UNESCO, Paris As suggested by the World Heritage Committee, one of the objectives of the project is to constitute a corpus of professionals in various fields such as history, anthropology, archaeology, heritage, etc. in order to elaborate an international database on Indentured Labour accessible worldwide which would disseminate information about such a major historical event and build a greater understanding and cooperation among peoples. Read the full programme and meeting document here → https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588692927953-CLEM1DLV4M5JIELXE7YN/8022995625_26f8b9a476_o.jpg Conferences - Indo-Caribbean Literature and Culture 26th-27th June 2008 University of Warwick The conference was organized to commemorate the 170th anniversary of the arrival of East Indians in the Caribbean and had the aim of stimulating intellectual dialogue on Indo-Caribbean literature and culture. It was an international conference which brought together academics and scholars from Belgium, America, Italy, Cyprus, Trinidad and Guyana, all working within the field of postcolonial studies and sharing a particular interest in the rapidly expanding area of Indo-Caribbean studies. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591890012346-P6K7UUAO63HOC184DSKM/3381212201_d74cd7f2dd_o+%281%29.jpg Conferences - The legacy of 135 years of Indian Immigration in Suriname 5th June 2008 The Hague A lecture focusing on the legacy of 135 years of Indian immigration to Suriname and the double migration of Surinamese Indians: one from India to Suriname and the other from Suriname to Holland. The lecture notes are available for download below. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/partners daily 0.75 2021-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1618922571090-CZKVFW16HVC7N4T20XI4/Sunway_logo.jpg Partners Sunway University Centre for South Asian and Indian Ocean Studies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622042912327-SPRTNGID0T0ZTS13PVF2/csm_Logo_Web_Eng_10ae9f94e9.png Partners - Make it stand out Paderborn University Department of English and American Studies https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/founding-members daily 0.75 2020-11-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1587472618683-HTU6QPGABYJRFOWURR7L/20140301_Trade-151_0124-copy.jpg Founding Members https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1587472945133-8KVWSI36RL3KDJF7GEP6/20200418_100431.jpg Founding Members - Reaud Iqbaul Sattaur Gafoor Reaud Gafoor is a consultant Urologist and lecturer at the University of the West Indies (UWI), Mona. He attended UWI, and Fellow-trained at Monash Hospital, Australia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1587472974183-TRDQZHHC2LL2K91NHINK/WhatsApp%2BImage%2B2020-04-21%2Bat%2B01.43.23.jpg Founding Members - Omar Feisal Sattaur Gafoor Omar Gafoor attended King’s College, London, graduating with a degree in electrical engineering. He is currently the executive of a hardware and construction business that trades across the Caribbean. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1587473003331-W53SKHRT58TZNHTE5ZA4/WhatsApp%2BImage%2B2020-04-21%2Bat%2B01.44.13.jpg Founding Members - Rafael Arif Sattaur Gafoor. Rafael Gafoor Attended the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. He is currently a consultant Psychiatrist and researcher. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588586261054-P10GGJZVNMBL3APO36WU/Roger_4x6_Headshot.jpg Founding Members - Dr Roger van Zwannenberg Dr Roger van Zwannenberg was the founder of the Zed Press and then became owner of the Pluto Press and the Pluto Journals. He is currently Chairman of the Pluto Educational Trust. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588585992054-HC7DW9PH3H7CROYTFBK5/David_4x6.jpg Founding Members - David Dabydeen Professor David Dabydeen is a graduate of Cambridge University. He was a postdoctoral Research Fellow at Oxford University before taking up an appointment at the University of Warwick (1984-2019). https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/recommended-reading daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591867881239-82PZQIVJ67B6TRTVPKBU/14737605686_7e5452b914_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in South Asia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/54575ae7-3a6c-4110-afb5-972d30d95029/Uganda+Railway.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1587038507697-4WAQYZC5VNW1YB8AROVD/4291090384_7bb4f13529_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in the Americas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/b52cc620-c041-4fad-be7b-a1eee2501d29/8942250-3x2-xlarge.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in the Antipodes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1594386480789-064UBPF2RUNJTABXK3K1/22208356574_50a692d70b_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in Assam https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593103950349-OH6CL589GOJDEPDEN5AN/13228451494_4eabae4262_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in the Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607086329695-YG5IA1XND56TGXN0Q16A/14761786536_bc3fd3b16f_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in the Dutch Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593013629866-OUVJDBHP0H718BYD2EA0/8188704990_77e2ee231f_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in Fiji https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607087349879-5XJENUBH5UF6TP7E2SXN/11237734434_d00f594e83_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in the French Caribbean and Territories https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593014315047-GXSX12PEUMVR2V45DLSH/The_National_geographic_magazine_%28Page_164%29_BHL40563162_%28cropped%29.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in Malaysia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593094080229-1K55QDDC6S0AS1BPZS0Z/11099886476_19e42e0d7f_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in Mauritius https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591801769691-61TWCGZQPOMMHAGTG3DL/9777658063_423b19284c_o.jpg Bibliography Women and Indentureship https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593006469295-D41DVCV0WQFZ2MV1YJG1/Chinese_coolies_carry_their_burdens.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in Creative Writing https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1605607551227-30OCGFUPCMNJC3QX9O94/13226769535_7d4cc87e7d_o.jpg Bibliography Films about Indentureship https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1632406519716-PLDR8DXU99T6QH0IVF4Q/4101516044_2872513b33_o.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in Europe https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1738854413989-OLV13CD3CBORG6QE5MGG/14355763371_d01845cb21_k.jpg Bibliography Indentured Labour in the Middle East https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/david-dabydeen daily 0.75 2020-07-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586858415464-7F75878FV80OJM1BD21W/David_4x6.jpg David Dabydeen Bio Professor David is a Guyanese novelist, poet and academic. He was Guyana's Ambassador to UNESCO from 1997 to 2010 and Guyana's Ambassador to China from 2010 to 2015. David also served at the University of Warwick from 1984 to 2017 as Director of the Yesu Persaud Centre for Caribbean Studies and Professor of Postcolonial Literature. Among his literary publications are Coolie Odyssey (Hansib, 1988), The Intended (Secker and Warburg, 1991) and The Counting House (Jonathan Cape ,1996). He co-edited with Brinsley Samaroo, India in the Caribbean (Hansib, 1988) and Across the Dark Waters: Ethnicity and Indian Identity in the Caribbean (Macmillan, 1996). David has also produced an edition for Macmillan of John Edward Jenkins' Lutchmee and Dilloo (1877), the first novel on Indo-Guianese life. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/ian-marshall-bio daily 0.75 2021-05-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589185783504-PLEIPQTGIEUWPUEFAFWD/IanMarshallO506.jpg Ian Marshall bio Ian Marshall is a chartered accountant who has worked in banking and insurance for the past 40 years. He is currently a non-executive director of a London market insurance firm and has for the past 10 years also been a senior advisor at the Bank of England. Ian has been active in public and charitable organisations and was for 9 years Honorary Treasurer of the children's charity Barnardo's. He has also set up and funded a small charity focussing on farming and microenterprises in Malawi and was a non-executive director of his local hospital in Poole, England. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/amar-wahab-bio daily 0.75 2020-05-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586882283764-8DV2LHGKP6RPWEIQ9VXS/Large%252BJPG-Aro%252BHa_0428.jpg Amar Wahab bio https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/maria-del-pilar-kaladeen-bio daily 0.75 2020-05-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586881951384-8LE2VNXMDOETGKFFRZB5/Maria_Nov2018_025web.jpg Maria del Pilar Kaladeen bio https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/tao-leigh-goffe-bio daily 0.75 2020-08-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591001211630-SXILCSQE2GUEROLKJUBG/image.jpg Tao Leigh Goffe Bio https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/gallery daily 0.75 2021-03-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606145781771-IQURLNO0YOMQJ9Y80YRW/Trinidad+Indians+2.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/a438ed09-b5c5-4143-a3ad-2f3aeb63bf67/Sugar+1.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606146282570-67UL6P2ZZ2LOT3J4VQHN/Trinidad+Indians+6.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/cb84cf60-8be9-4b93-a415-2bd07b342194/Maroon+Negroes.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606145960651-8LC2TE2E1Y2MTQTAFNYV/Trinidad+Indians++5.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/9c697b60-ee6a-4828-81f4-ae5c3e615c52/Cudgelling+Match.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606145986040-23OIN401CM037PHXYL8V/Trinidad+Indians+7.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606145823297-N0BUD52SJPNK8BAYVZKK/Trinidad+Indians+3.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606145863931-1KINSZLY4VDFROGUWE9N/Trinidad+Indian+Cocoa.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606145937976-G04IMSU65RL7GFZZVU4X/Trinidad+Indians+4.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606146255327-9S6SHXCC4TQZON6QHOLI/Indian+Family+1.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606146310585-7SJKAQHQ9Z67Z8KFI6IX/Trinidad+Indians+8.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/fdd518ab-6043-4db6-ba34-a15d6bc3e290/Black+Carribs.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/ed2eba93-3db9-484f-ac73-f3f35caa4d9e/Africans+Landing.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/5456e40d-6b8b-4c2d-b56e-71cd9e56f749/West+Indian+Life.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/c3ba090f-3f51-4936-92b4-dec4ac03f296/Wedgewood.jpg Gallery https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588342723094-SZ74O0XGDAXBPVTFURQ6/13227490804_8928e8409e_o.jpg Gallery Indian Woman, Trinidad, 1890-1896. DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586018628712-ANTTO0JFX9A4ADCNNR20/east-indians-cooking.jpg Gallery East Indian girls preparing rice, Jamaica, date unknown. National Library of Jamaica. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593006228663-5G3VQ6B5M8TWO4PPFEY1/service-pnp-stereo-1s10000-1s19000-1s19800-1s19873v.jpg Gallery “A Chinese strawberry garden. Proprietor and coolie” 1900-1920. Library of Congress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586017657472-11YDZPR8KSQN1M44LIMR/13228451494_4eabae4262_o.jpg Gallery Indentured Labourers preparing rice, Jamaica, 1890-1899. DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796124632-GF5LQHTTKPSOE3ZCTLY2/14798723593_83e37537ee_o.jpg Gallery East Indian Temple, Trinidad, 1907. Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593009648559-VHVM9R3RDAF12MJCE1NR/lossy-page1-750px-KITLV_-_78318_-_Kleingrothe%2C_C.J._-_Medan_-_Chinese_coolie_on_a_tobacco_plantation_of_the_Amsterdam_Deli_Company_in_Medan%2C_Sumatra_-_circa_1900.tif.jpg Gallery “Chinese coolie on a tobacco plantation of the Amsterdam Deli Company” Medan, Sumatra, circa 1900. Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588342412178-DLSML67U8S2D4H4D4VBK/Newly_arrived_indentured_in_Trinidad.jpg Gallery Newly arrived indentured labourers from India, Trinidad, 1897. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796087263-YF5OZVEWOPZ133D3T2FS/13226305605_3a8d6f53fe_o.jpg Gallery East Indian man smoking, Port of Spain, Trinidad, 1890-1896. DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796911584-0N3EPJYWFNODSME0SKLZ/The_National_geographic_magazine_%28Page_164%29_BHL40563162_%28cropped%29.jpg Gallery “Children are being pulled by a Chinese coolie through the streets of Kuching in the Raj of Sarawak” Malaysia, 1919. The National geographic magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593006065537-M7NG92U4VH6A5E8L9SXO/service-pnp-stereo-1s10000-1s19000-1s19700-1s19746r.jpg Gallery “Chinese coolies on the streets” Tianjin, China, 1900. Library of Congress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589463569350-21Y9UMUP02S7FGXAJ7Z2/7929457672_7743953521_o.jpg Gallery “Coolies carrying the equipment through jungle” Borneo, 1921. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796526814-S2R28VLSJ27PNM4YHS92/5691909099_b1d81f5737_o.jpg Gallery Japanese labourer, identified as a "coolie", 1867-1869. National Library NZ. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591799854011-RXR8BH1MX7A1QLABX4OO/7929463326_beb9728292_o.jpg Gallery “Coolies sawing logs into boards.” Borneo, 1921. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586010479841-A30F3AZSBBGQNCI9F7V1/8023239414_f8272a123a_o.jpg Gallery Indian women go shopping in the Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago, 1945. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586795689158-XMOR8ZBDGFJ5NPOV6WIL/4291090384_7bb4f13529_o.jpg Gallery Stanley Field Expedition to British Guiana, 1922. The Field Museum Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796051139-RXFMKD68DTIP4N4LRFKX/22208356574_50a692d70b_o.jpg Gallery “Group of Ooriya Coolies” constructing the Hardinge Bridge over the lower Ganges River at Sara, Bangladesh, 1912. DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589197233158-XANM4V3KVO6KWE0TAWD0/14793158653_21a7b9db82_o.jpg Gallery East Indian Girl, Trinidad, 1914. Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591801769691-61TWCGZQPOMMHAGTG3DL/9777658063_423b19284c_o.jpg Gallery “Coolie Women”, India, 1855-1862.DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589201266309-Y0G62ILT9ZNSW58VORCP/nypl.digitalcollections.5e66b3e9-25e5-d471-e040-e00a180654d7.001.w.jpg Gallery Indentured labourers, Jamaica, 1899. The New York Public Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796192503-92A5THBB0PV4P3ZLDPCK/11148126585_3c67ac98d0_o.jpg Gallery “A Canton Coolie” from “John L. Stoddard's Lectures”, before 1897. The British Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796588228-A6WAH52YETS58S19ITBM/7643279582_b5814f2692_o.jpg Gallery “Coolies on arrival from India, mustered at Depot”, Trinidad and Tobago, date unknown. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1595323992752-J2WQTKMU0MU5O5P7JOHI/WhatsApp%2BImage%2B2020-07-20%2Bat%2B20.11.08.jpg Gallery Tadjahs in British Guiana https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593005617587-PQ2BMMZAK5B79DTZBHR8/CHINESE_COOLIES.jpg Gallery “Two Chinese coolies”, 1871-1872. Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796619916-O7RYXO7I4ECAHMH4QEE8/11298651126_cc5a79baa8_o.jpg Gallery “A Group of Coolies from the South of India”, Sri Lanka, before 1897. The British Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796811496-YJC59MV39GYNGEZ209O9/14595486427_539676ff21_o.jpg Gallery “Colored children of many races… In the suburbs is the large East Indian coolie village of St. James” Trinidad, 1912. Internet Archive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589201537359-J5AH3NHT5U939IKWVXUO/8023270467_7a01842340_o.jpg Gallery East Indian men holding a child named Elsinia Sunday Singh, Trinidad and Tobago, 1949. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589204955740-6BOJWQMYEEW0EYL15FW6/8023267848_2ee3d31d69_o.jpg Gallery “Children of Indian parents in Trinidad”, 1963. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590157901623-OJHZPQBNDSZXC6FEQURF/4095367537_10bd76fb8a_o.jpg Gallery “Quite a few people walk along a busy street, including a young boy and a coolie… The coolie, or laborer, carries a full bale of hay”, South Korea, 1904. Cornell University Library. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586017694024-XOYM796GB1WLLGLBYJPV/13227675614_15b2cc628e_o+%281%29.jpg Gallery East Indian Women, Men and Children, Trinidad, 1890-1896. DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588342651402-4T42BN94CC0DYGGL4E7V/7629726814_a87ffa28a9_o.jpg Gallery “The Emigrants at their meals”, Guyana, 1870-1931. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593006469295-D41DVCV0WQFZ2MV1YJG1/Chinese_coolies_carry_their_burdens.jpg Gallery “Chinese coolies carry their burdens” before 1898. Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586021169973-R51S02XROD9X99N5KZK2/13227271015_dd1fde7c37_o.jpg Gallery Indian Man, Trinidad, 1890-1896. DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1593005188719-5MLXFMSQK56COGIR1SZX/Enslaved_Chinese_coolie_in_Peru_1881.jpg Gallery “Chinese coolie”, Peru, 1881. Wikimedia Commons. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1583934062197-8P7T4U9A2FCRIIN702TF/7629716782_e4b13b2afc_o.jpg Gallery East Indian Immigrants, and an indentured immigrant; the beads and coins around his neck are gold, and are the result of his savings. Guyana, 1870-1931. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1586017539286-55DM4WS1K4XVU1WDN94X/13226374243_458e4f2626_o.jpg Gallery Indian Woman, Trinidad, 1890-1896. DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589457393775-CLZ5OKDR74YOWB9PJZ0L/9099970428_e03b1a098b_o.jpg Gallery “Rickshaw with coolie and servants”, Japan, 1860-1888. The National Museum of Denmark. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591798533402-5CV1TRBUZP20DJO8LMZI/7643279364_eba109e1f6_o.jpg Gallery “Coolies arrived from India at Depot”, Trinidad and Tobago, date unknown. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589204439367-P44ZSODL9L14H8VKI9I1/8023268978_e0cc8775dc_o.jpg Gallery “A Hindu woman, native of Trinidad”, Trinidad and Tobago, 1949. The National Archives UK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591796864209-2EDPH8LDSSZG6VT2DMB4/8188704990_77e2ee231f_o.jpg Gallery “Young Fiji-born Indian women in Suva” Fiji, date unknown. The National Archives UK. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/roger-van-zwanenberg daily 0.75 2021-05-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588586235834-2WDYRL5L11YCIRLQ1O33/Roger_4x6_Headshot.jpg Roger van Zwanenberg Dr Roger van Zwanenberg has had three lives, first as an African academic historian from 1969 to 1975; and second as a Book Publisher from 1976 to 2012. He is now in retirement and is the Founder of the Pluto Educational Trust, a charity; Ollema Ltd, which supports small farmers in Uganda; and Pluto Journals, a scholarly list of diverse internationally-based Journals. In his first life, he taught at the Universities of Nairobi and Dar es Salaam and wrote books and articles; then in 1976 Roger founded Zed Press; in 1986, he bought Pluto Books from the liquidator, and on retirement in 2012 he expanded his portfolio of interests into charitable work and academic journals. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/public-articles daily 0.75 2024-01-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/fb24d6c1-1e5c-4b3a-a1ad-3a8add406d38/4291093960_416652463e_o.jpg Public Articles The Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1627573998786-OG6V4PBHTN6EZPJKA0GU/unsplash-image-_xflFU26hd4.jpg Public Articles Fiji and Oceania https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1627575580168-SMRYTSV32O0KJ7NRDSFQ/22208356574_50a692d70b_o.jpg Public Articles India https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/7c908a40-3116-4b3e-9ba5-fda540a04759/Map_of_America_by_Sebastian_Munster.jpg Public Articles Ireland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1632405678441-VU0NMCZGXIM5OIZRMICJ/The_National_geographic_magazine_%2528Page_164%2529_BHL40563161.jpg Public Articles Malaysia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1632403774682-3SZFB88JM98T2PPFMEY3/unsplash-image-ZR3WHOQeidI.jpg Public Articles Mauritius https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/08d2f458-fb39-4a88-9496-0445bb2b31d1/1080px-Temple-du-Colosse.jpg Public Articles Réunion https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/77c6567b-329b-4e28-aaf0-55072905b096/14737605686_7e5452b914_o.jpg Public Articles South Africa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/c73c12d4-ad24-4e8b-bbd2-4d849e18a176/Indenture_-_Servitude_1823.jpg Public Articles The USA https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1614793863800-S5A7XJZSU4S37FX24K1L/8942250-3x2-xlarge.jpg Public Articles - Blackbirding: Australia's history of luring, tricking and kidnapping Pacific Islanders “Starting from the 1860s, tens of thousands of Pacific Islanders were taken to Australia to work on plantations in Queensland, often by force or trickery.” By Will Higginbotham Photo credit: State Library Of Queensland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620745377844-KNXB5I8S09FESPOCTHX7/4291090608_865049cb72_o.jpg Public Articles - African Indentured Labour – a neglected area of national life One of the anomalies of the commemoration of Indentureship in Guyana has been the refusal to acknowledge the role of Africans in the labour system that had been introduced after the Abolition Act of slavery in 1834… By Ravi Dev Photo retrieved from The Field Museum Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620918977177-IVR6C3SJI7JWOIF4X8E4/4290349659_2e0b1fbb01_o.jpg Public Articles - West Indian and African Migration to British Guiana (Guyana) from 1834 “With the passing of the Emancipation Act in 1833, the sugar planters in British Guiana (Guyana) anticipated a labour shortage…” By Odeen Ishmael Photo credit: The Field Museum Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620921462620-95WUD9JO0HPGZ4P9XLKF/14595486427_539676ff21_o.jpg Public Articles - African Immigrants: They Arrived Too African Immigrants: They Arrived Too “The purpose of this article is to inform Guyanese in general, and the people of African descent in particular about the participation of people of African descent in Guyana’s 19th century immigration schemes” By Cecilia McAlmont Photo credit: The Internet Archive via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602600412947-FKWZWGQ0H6NQ64ON0RD8/Newly_arrived_indentured_in_Trinidad.jpg Public Articles - The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory “Felicity is a village in Trinidad on the edge of the Caroni plain, the wide central plain that still grows sugar and to which indentured cane cutters were brought after emancipation, so the small population of Felicity is East Indian…” By Derek Walcott https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620922034059-OVBEWLJQDYTBVIC493XC/8517394143_04f59c9c66_o.jpg Public Articles - A brief history of the Portuguese in Guyana “While on May 5th the 175th Anniversary of Indian Arrival was commemorated, there was another anniversary two days earlier that slipped by unnoticed…” By Mary Noel Menezes Photo credit: The Field Museum Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602600368490-JX5I5JKBAG28DD6IVVUL/7643188882_80757c6f41_o.jpg Public Articles Indian Culture in Guadeloupe and Martinique “The British planters in the neighborhood colonies lik Trinidad, Guyana and Jamaica had saved their sugar plantations from a similar crisis of shortage of labour by importing labourers from India” By Suresh Kumar Pillai https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622634759012-LV7XTZHEF6PBSIWEW8I7/7629717094_b714653749_o.jpg Public Articles - The Arrival of the Chinese Indentured Workers in British Guiana (Guyana) The Arrival of the Chinese Indentured Workers in British Guiana (Guyana) “Even though the planters in British Guiana (Guyana) had expressed interest in introducing Chinese labourers since Emancipation, it was not until 1851…” By Odeen Ishmael Photo credit: The National Archives UK https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602605018941-TLUNZES7431LL0FOBXD8/11276983776_532b60e469_o.jpg Public Articles - Indentured Indians in the French Antilles By David Northrup Photo credit: The British Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602605606735-YK2U5JHEKA8L23EL4DFB/image.jpg Public Articles An indentured labourer's daughter remembers “At age 107, Sajo Jhagroo, daughter of an indentured labourer, still has vivid memories of her childhood and the stories her father told her about his life in the barracks.” By Sascha Wilson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1595262374264-9AH5P1LSGI91YK9LJC0R/4101516044_2872513b33_o.jpg Public Articles - Indentured servitude in British America “Indentured servitude in British America was the prominent system of labor in British American colonies until it was eventually overcome by slavery. During its time, the system was so prominent that…” By Wikipedia Photo credit: The U.S. National Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602675327038-MPROM8IFLGXXADRLZZB2/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles - Indo-Trinidadians yearn for their Indian roots “And that is why a master genealogist in the Caribbean island is helping them trace their roots. When Kamla Persad Bissessar visited India as the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago in January 2012, there was something life-altering in store for her…” By G. Pramod Kumar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602675833599-99ILN1NZUQP3647Z38MA/7643279364_eba109e1f6_o.jpg Public Articles - Searching through the fog of history, this man helps Trinidad families trace their Indian roots “Shamshu Deen turned his passion for genealogy into a challenging career that makes him and hundreds happy.” By Parul Agrawal Photo credit: The National Archives UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602772747675-8ZNB2CHLV1EILSHZPQWE/13228451494_4eabae4262_o.jpg Public Articles - 175 years of Indians in Jamaica “May 2020 marks 175 years of the arrival of the first Indians in Jamaica. Little did anyone know that a group of 261 Indians, landing at Old Harbour Bay in 1845, would inextricably link the fates of the people of these two countries for all times to come.” By M Salava Naik Photo credit: SMU Libraries Digital Collections via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602772787938-CUSLLS0UILVMNTJ1TS39/7629726814_a87ffa28a9_o.jpg Public Articles - The Experience of Indian Indenture in Trinidad: Arrival and Settlement Between 1845 and 1917 a total of 143,939 Indians migrated to Trinidad under the system of Indian indenture. Most of these indentured labourers were drawn from the agricultural and laboring classes of the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar regions of north India…” By Caribbean Atlas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602773530639-6ATPDPOC08IPPJDD1HH1/image.jpg Public Articles - 10 Contributions Indian Immigrants Made to Jamaica 10 Contributions Indian Immigrants Made to Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602774380250-TBT6KOLNDF651QX2ON51/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles - The Arrival Of The Indians From 1845 to 1921, over 36,000 East Indians, mainly of the Hindu faith, were brought to Jamaica. Close to two-thirds of them remained. Following the abolition of slavery in the1830s, after failed attempts to source much-needed labour through bountied European immigration, the Jamaican Government turned to India and China. By Dr. Rebecca Tortello https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602774798361-MMY45H3VUDFV2A4MVOBQ/14798723593_83e37537ee_o.jpg Public Articles - Indians Abroad: A Story From Trinidad “In April this year, I visited the Indian Caribbean museum near the town of Chaguanas in Trinidad. Set in a large hall, the museum had no other visitors. Its curator, Saisbhan Jokhan, 69, came out to greet me.” By Namit Arora https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602776037751-1I198GH1XREAVSYX9YTT/13226305605_3a8d6f53fe_o.jpg Public Articles - Beyond the Coolie Identity in the Caribbean “The word coolie is the most explosive word in the Caribbean Indian experience. If there was ever a unifying theme among the descendants of indentured Indians around the globe, it was the word coolie,” says Lomarsh Roopnarine, an expert in Indo-Caribbean history. By Aisiri Amin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602777064260-3Q19EVT25BE4MLHPDR6S/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles - Immigrants to Citizens: the Indian Community in Grenada, 1857 to the Present “The Indian community is the largest minority group in Grenada. This group was first introduced during the second half of the nineteenth century when Grenada experimented with indentured labour.” By Ron Sookram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603720015472-YIZ3LOTCM0PUII9TCUUS/14778973391_d9505f7b91_o.jpg Public Articles - The Life of Indentured Servants in Colonial Barbados The Life of Indentured Servants in Colonial Barbados https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603722859828-WXBYG5LW35XYIGZNAFRJ/Untitled%2Bdesign.jpg Public Articles - Hidden histories: Indenture to Windrush “I am the daughter of a Windrush-era migrant who arrived in the United Kingdom from Guyana (then British Guiana) in 1961. My father was one of almost 180,000 people who migrated from the Caribbean to the UK between 1948 and 1963.” By Maria del Pilar Kaladeen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606999636879-29MLH0SR5C274UL7A7D8/8023255584_7cd4882d4a_o.jpg Public Articles - The Mandingo Muslims Of Trinidad “The following story has its roots in Manding Muslim civilization which dominated West Africa for three hundred years and stretched from beyond Timbuctu to the Atlantic. It helps to explain why Muslims in Trinidad are still called ‘Madingas’.” By Abdul Wahid Hamid https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607003888532-NDJ9DAL14SNEFPWW4DSD/image.jpg Public Articles - “A Young Soldier of Islam” Haji Ruknudeen Sahib “Prepared on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Haji Ruknudeen’s death, this lecture, A Young Soldier of Islam: Haji Ruknudeen Sahib, examines the contributions made by this indentured immigrant who came to these shores some 120 years ago and spent 75 years in service to the Muslim community.” Download PDF here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607004131393-9439OSVZDXV4FCKP9W9J/7643279364_eba109e1f6_o.jpg Public Articles - A History Of Indentured Labor Gives 'Coolie' Its Sting A History Of Indentured Labor Gives 'Coolie' Its Sting “In her recently-released book Coolie Woman, author Gaiutra Bahadur traces the life story of her great-grandmother, who boarded an indenture ship in Calcutta in the early 1900s.” By Lakshmi Gandhi Photo credit: The National Archives UK https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607013915927-1X0LB8DE8IDJAEUQKOHB/Hugli.jpg Public Articles - Memorial plaque in honour of Indian indentured labourers unveiled at Kolkata Port “A memorial plaque in honour of Indian indentured labourers was unveiled on January 11, 2011 at Kidderpore Dock, Kolkata Port by Union Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs Vayalar Ravi.” By Press Information Bureau India Photo credit: The British Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607522517944-C9FANSWXNIIZ4IR4OFSX/4291093960_416652463e_o.jpg Public Articles - Celebrating East Indian Arrival in Guyana –a story of survival against tremendous odds Celebrating East Indian Arrival in Guyana –a story of survival against tremendous odds “For over three-quarters of a century (1838-1917), Indian indentured labourers were imported from the sub-continent of India to the West Indian colonies, ostensibly to fill the void created as a result of the mass exodus of ex-slaves from plantation labour…” By Guyana Chronicle Photo credit: The Field Museum Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607522676825-XHICCIEC9KPZDO91YEWB/7629717094_b714653749_o.jpg Public Articles - The New Slavery “An Account of the Indian and Chinese Immigrants in British Guiana… Indeed, the earliest attempt to import indentured labour from India to British Guiana ended in scandal and public outcry when antislavery advocates’ accusations that the new labour system was really no different from slavery” By Anne Marie Lee-Loy Photo credit: The National Archives UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607524804935-N3FTNUP8XRSJXITBQ93L/Mersey_%2528ship%252C_1894%2529_-_SLV_H91.250-1489.jpg Public Articles - The Coolie Ships “The arrival of indentured labourers, especially those from India, enabled the planters to establish sugar as a monoculture, to reap profits over an extended period of time while keeping wages low…” By Evan Radhay Persaud Photo shows the Mersey https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1611591184635-GVY92RTEA4YBNPK7E8Q7/image.jpg Public Articles - The Portuguese Caribbean Rum of Trinidad, Guyana, and Antigua “An issue with the Colonial Classification of Rum is that it defines the spirit by the three European powers that came to the Caribbean to conquer, and the contributions made by other groups are essentially erased…” By Aneil Lutchman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1612351095703-44EU81W0KI29601PUBNW/image.jpg Public Articles - Asian Indians in Saint Domingue: An Early Indo-Caribbean Population Asian Indians in Saint Domingue: An Early Indo-Caribbean Population This post will attempt a brief look at this minority of the captive population to see what it reveals about the nature of Saint Domingue, its heterogeneous enslaved population, and the global networks in the crown jewel of 18th century French colonialism. By Yvie https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603729750923-WJREY8SR5P74GCTEW77J/13226445914_4a69ef3d27_o.jpg Public Articles - Jahajee Sisters: Activism for Indo-Caribbean Feminist Futures “Can we imagine a world in which Indo-Caribbean women are not the subject of headlines in the form of murder? Can we imagine an Indo-Caribbean community that holds perpetrators of gender-based violence accountable? Where is the outrage for murdered Indo-Caribbean women?” By Stabroek News Photo credit: SMU Digital Libraries via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621346726475-Y0F6W1V3U510NIMS4W3S/13228451494_4eabae4262_o.jpg Public Articles - 175 years of Indians in Jamaica “Between 1845 and 1921, over 36,000 Indians were brought to Jamaica. Upon their arrival, the Indians were dispersed to the plantations in Portland, St Thomas, St Mary, Clarendon, and Westmoreland.” By M Salava Naik https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607010043551-LK6TVCWXAT5AQSN6OY20/13227996584_1cf7588068_o.jpg Public Articles - Indentureship experience in Jamaica – common suffering of Muslims and Hindus “From 1845 to 1921, over 36,000 East Indians, mainly of the Hindu faith, were brought to Jamaica. Close to two-thirds of them remained.” By Dr. Rebecca Tortello Photo credit: SMU Libraries via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621347043089-21F5TEA9GA6JJC2GVK37/16589384342_38bb8df6a8_o.jpg Public Articles - Indian diaspora in Martinique Nearly 3% of the current population of Martinique comprises of Indians. Recently mayor of Saint Pierre, Christina Raffa, called a 3-day festival to commemorate the historical event and to thank the Indian indentured labourers who participated in the development of Martinique. By Newsgram Photo credit: The British Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621346976918-ND8HX72OXBDVVH7TEFFD/unsplash-image-PWMc1zk9oow.jpg Public Articles - The Arrival of the Portuguese in British Guiana (now Guyana) in 1834 “From the time of the abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and, particularly, during the period of the campaign to end slavery, the planters of…” By Odeen Ishmael Photo credit: The National Archives UK https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621345030135-GKIE1CHNSBRDN86CAC4M/7643279364_eba109e1f6_o.jpg Public Articles - Commemorating Indian Arrival Day “LAST Wednesday, 5th May, Indian Arrival Day was commemorated countrywide. The University of Guyana and the High Commission of India conducted a high-powered Symposium and the Media, both print and electronic, carried multi-dimensional stories on indentured immigration and on the descendants of the immigrants. By Guyana Chronicle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621345300607-0LH6NDAOBC989ZRSAMKN/7629717094_b714653749_o.jpg Public Articles - The Chinese In Guyana “…Each Chinese laborer had to sign a contract under which he was required to perform any kind of work he was ordered to by the British Immigration Agent. He had to work for at least nine and a half hours a day, six days a week. Sunday was a day of rest…” By Peter Halder Photo: The National Achieves UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621351035095-Y2ZZAQDQI2RXL0E8QCML/unsplash-image-LyKe-jG9WEo.jpg Public Articles - The Saddhu of Couva Short Film The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621946930604-SENIELJFFCRCJ9HPNUNT/unsplash-image-cVIh2tG7Rd8.jpg Public Articles - Indentured Indians in the French Antilles. Les immigrants indiens engagés aux Antilles françaises By David Northrup https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622639773518-I372UEJOF7AE6SAJFO17/unsplash-image-nasVN_R_VZU.jpg Public Articles - The African Village Movement “However, the attitude of the majority of the planters caused the fear of the loss of labour to become a self fulfilling prophecy. After a brief vacation at the end of apprenticeship, most of the now ex apprentices returned to the plantations where they had laboured during slavery and apprenticeship, but they were demanding different conditions of service.” By Cecilia McAlmont https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622639710674-4RKSGJ5AU93NX94H2KLL/14597790320_4f26dc180e_o.jpg Public Articles - 150 years and counting: A look at the situation of 19th century Chinese immigrant women and the occupations of some of their female descendants The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622640291884-53KOU7FMQYQYHW7C93XL/4290349595_ef3b9f1a3a_o.jpg Public Articles - British Guiana’s immigration dilemma: The Chinese experiment “Despite the enthusiasm of the planters for Chinese immigrants, the “Chinese Experiment” was comparatively short and erratic and did not yield the expected results. There were several reasons for its failure to do so.” By Cecilia McAlmont https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622640967823-BYS84238ZPA72PW6IMS6/4290349641_57762a80f2_o.jpg Public Articles - Debunking the myth that Indians were ‘dependent coolies’ in British Guiana “In 1936, 16 years after indenture was abolished, the Indian population was 140,718 with 74,087 males and 66,231 males. Of this total, 55,630 were living on the estates while 85,088 were off the estates, according to the Immigration Agent General report of 1937.” By Lomarsh Roopnarin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1624363573119-OTNQUJW0NCHF67BZAGHO/7629722100_09dce8b95a_o.jpg Public Articles - We are not just about Chinese fried rice – Chinese Guyanese want due recognition The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1624368758332-4S91SSLPKEFLXW58IPFA/unsplash-image-DY2miYwMchk.jpg Public Articles - ‘Bound Coolies’ and Other Indentured Workers in the Caribbean: Implications for debates about human trafficking and modern slavery K Kempadoo, ‘“Bound Coolies” and Other Indentured Workers in the Caribbean: Implications for debates about human trafficking and modern slavery’, Anti-Trafficking Review, issue 9, 2017, pp. 48—63, www.antitraffickingreview.org https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1624464892824-IBXFO3K7XELDMWH4TWNJ/The_Old_Fort%2C_the_Playhouse%2C_Holwell%27s_Monument_from_Views_of_Calcutta.jpg Public Articles - Chinese Arrival “Chinese immigration to Trinidad occurred in four waves. The first wave of Chinese immigrants arrived in Trinidad on 12th October 1806 on the ship Fortitude. Of the 200 passengers who set sail, 192 arrived. They came, not from mainland China, but from Macao, Penang and Canton.” By Trinidad and Tobago NALIS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1624465023941-B2ATKUDF79HCTUQY397Y/13227675614_15b2cc628e_o+%281%29.jpg Public Articles - “Coolie Trade in the 19th Century” The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1625152099230-LEXTEDYND2N6TGAOV6Z5/HMT_Empire_Windrush_FL9448.jpg Public Articles - Some of the most interesting Windrush passengers were Indo-Caribbean – yet their stories remain untold “On Windrush Day, the story of Caribbeans of Indian descent aboard the eponymous ship is not a straightforward history to trace or tell” By Nicholas Boston https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1625153934496-IYIEKDY79A5KIXQ9O0JT/8023255584_7cd4882d4a_o.jpg Public Articles - Religion and Social Identity - Dr Sherry-Ann Singh: Trinidad In today’s podcast, Rajan travels to Trinidad & Tobago to speak to Dr. Sherry-Ann Singh, a Professor of Indian History at the University of the West Indies who speaks to us about her thoughts on where religion, especially Hinduism, sits in modern-day Trinidad & Tobago, culture and identity and how the Ramayan’s Sita has undergone a variety of interpretations throughout the ages; from being seen as subservient to being in control of her destiny. By Global Indian Series https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1625156233704-IMWPWQJ00QQOD206AWTE/unsplash-image-XfEHT_GnJvo.jpg Public Articles - The Brutality of Indentureship | Hidden History: Kyneata Joseph The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1626973092942-30LK2UC16V4FO6A9208S/unsplash-image-UgUeJnWlV_w.jpg Public Articles - A History Of Indentured Labor Gives 'Coolie' Its Sting "In India — in the subcontinent — a 'coolie' is someone who carries baggage," said Bahadur. "And these women sort of carry the baggage of colonialism; the expectations of white men, the expectations of Indian men. Here they have to sort of preserve family, preserve culture." By Lakshmi Gandhi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/02976ce2-4172-45ee-9def-bf5be5e06a90/From+Kolkata+to+Highbury_Ashook+Ramsaran.jpg Public Articles - From Kolkata to Highbury (1838 – 2013): A Journey to Remember “Indian heritage and culture are the cornerstone of the diaspora, transcending time and place, surviving obstacles and severe situations, remoteness and influences. Despite speaking different languages, living in different and sometimes remote places, sustaining and improving our lives, we share heartfelt feelings of Indianness and the urge and yearning to connect and belong. Meanwhile, we have inherited and taken a lot from India and transformed our lives and the new countries of our birth or adoption.” By Ashook Ramsaran https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590767621393-3GZOSD1PDR3ZLC8HO6A5/102993921_e63d880bf0_o.jpg Public Articles - Indo-Fijians and Fiji’s Coup Culture “A former prime minister urged Fiji to better acknowledge its past, especially the 40 years indentured Indian labor.” By Grant Wyeth Photo credit: Jared Wiltshire on Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591110870474-1C6JA7TIPUNKQKJGO3PY/14764263394_99432a406b_o%2B%25281%2529.jpg Public Articles - Fiji’s Future Uncertain as Indians Continue Exodus Fiji’s Future Uncertain as Indians Continue Exodus By Michael Field https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602511335903-PW1UU635LUZ17O3ULYFZ/8188704990_77e2ee231f_o.jpg Public Articles - Another version of history A tribute to the contribution of Fiji Nepalis “Girmit, or indentured labour from 1879 to 1920, is typically recognised as originating from India. This includes Pakistan and Bangladesh, whose geographic boundaries were encompassed as part of India during the girmit era.” By The Fiji Times Photo credit: The National Archives UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602258756435-L5BJWUBB8VOHAHST60IT/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles - Ethnic Indians face Fijian-style apartheid “The exodus of Fijian Indians should start soon as some of the brightest and better off, shut out of power by the strongly nationalistic interim government, decide to leave the sinking ship which was their island home.” by The Irish Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602511419343-P73GRFOKS8PF9YFBRVO4/image.jpg Public Articles - Indians should not bask in success stories: Ex Indo-Fijian Prime Minister “ Former Fijian PM of Indian-origin has appealed to the Indian diaspora to guard against being deluded by certain success stories.” by The Economic Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602259496723-5WRTA2A9G9EJN1X6MV0A/2880px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.jpg Public Articles - Dialogue on race relations in Fiji “DELIBERATIONS from Dialogue Fiji and Citizens’ Constitutional Forum’s Dialogue on Ethnic Relations next month will be fed into the CSO report to the UN’s Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination.” By Felix Chaudhary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602511062615-SFTKXNREFIUPRS82ZG2N/image.jpg Public Articles - ‘Descendants of indentured labourers have undergone changes’ “The descendants of indentured labourers who arrived in Fiji more than 100 years ago have undergone many changes, says University of the South Pacific academic Professor Vijay Naidu…” By Repeka Nasiko https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606492380723-YNEYZ0LSRF2FE8PFO5R7/image.jpg Public Articles - Anniversary Of Two Conflicting Events On Same Date: A Great Paradox Of History “Descendants of the Girmitiyas, born and bred here, have every right to be called Fijians because they have earned it through their immense contribution to Fiji…” By Nemani Delaibatiki https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621267012127-L7YZIU60Z8MC23K0KB20/unsplash-image-Z1nR_XYszJ0.jpg Public Articles - History of Fiji football “…The British and other European colonisers took with them a whole spread of games such as the various forms of football along with cricket, hockey, tennis, rowing, swimming, cycling, golf, polo and racing of animals among others…” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621267699719-HSWIM44DH5AE176IRHXK/unsplash-image-5BOJ0_g4mcU.jpg Public Articles - Keep your culture: The challenge for South Indians in Fiji “THE term is “Madrasi” and not “Mandraji” as some have perceived for decades in Fiji. South Indians came to Fiji well before 1903 as part of the indenture system. However, on record the first ship from Madras named Elbe III reached Fiji on May 22, 1903…” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621269258190-ODZPPTQTWRZEEUSZV3ZH/unsplash-image-hrzVoHHpiZM.jpg Public Articles - Discovering Fiji: Serea’s golden rubber days; Part 1 “Each time you travel past Wainadoi, on your way to Navua and beyond, you would most probably see a few lines of mysterious-looking trees that spring out of a patchwork of grass and shrubs prolific in rainy parts of Viti Levu…” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621269037192-PWBHXEVR37TDV4C12DHN/unsplash-image-1eWgIBXsyn4.jpg Public Articles - Why Fiji Indians are vulagi: Dr Ganesh Chand explains “The debate on whether Indians in Fiji are “vulagi” (visitors) has reached offshore, and discussion in the New Zealand media is getting intense…” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621944823665-Z3KNPPFHZM7Q1OS0V8YD/unsplash-image-MhILndAJlw8.jpg Public Articles - Another version of history A tribute to the contribution of Fiji Nepalis “Girmit, or indentured labour from 1879 to 1920, is typically recognised as originating from India. This includes Pakistan and Bangladesh, whose geographic boundaries were encompassed as part of India during the girmit era.” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621947249690-9XYZRWF26PW9S0BWKFJE/unsplash-image-e5YjVcIJW-A.jpg Public Articles - Chronology for East Indians in Fiji “1835 - Missionaries first came to Fiji via the Wesleyan mission in Tonga. 1851 - 1860 - Due to epidemics of various diseases, thousands of indigenous Fijians died. Their numbers did not begin to rise again until the 1950s.” By the University of Maryland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621948929015-ETBNPEMIW2T710LPCRYZ/IMG_0062.jpg Public Articles - Forgotten struggles of Fiji girmitiya “Such were the findings of Dr Brij Lal, the former permanent secretary for the Ministry of Education and sitting member of Parliament while carrying out research into the life of his grandfather, Khanjan Lal, an indentured labourer who found his way to Fiji during the girmit era…” By Matilda Simmons at The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621952055352-4X0E87BLRB8U10LZY1XR/unsplash-image-_Zua2hyvTBk.jpg Public Articles - Shanti Dut “FIJI’S one and only Hindi newspaper, Shanti Dut, the vernacular newspaper of the Fiji Times Ltd, has been shining for 82 years in Fiji. Two years ago, the newspaper celebrated its 80th anniversary.” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621957012395-313JLR9FXNGDWZ9JFWP9/Yellow-Barfi_442x296.jpg Public Articles - Fiji’s Indian delicacies “In Fiji and abroad, a familiar name that comes to mind when you think of quality Indians sweets and snacks is Bhikhabhai. Their sweets and snacks are top quality yet competitively priced. Bhikhabhai’s director and CEO Viraaj Kantilal Lad said they now had four shops based in Ba, Lautoka, Nadi and Suva.” By Atasa Williams at The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621957797457-51O45M480GULLH3UFJ9A/6330410982_c0fc535fac_o.jpg Public Articles - Lively dance form in Fiji “Gujarat is famous for celebrating festivals with huge enthusiasm. They have a range of traditional dances based on their rich culture and tradition…” By The Fiji Times Photography by dpbirds, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, via Flickr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622635219548-1I8D4DS25H6C0E9SOXRZ/26158094880_9a7dffc39c_c.jpg Public Articles - NZ’s Fijian-Indians want to be recognised as Pasifika, not Asians “Fijian-Indians living in New Zealand are opposing moves by the government to classify them as Asians and not Pacific Islanders.” By The Fiji Times Image by peonyandthistle , CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, Retrieved from Flickr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622635526607-VGMOW8ZYITAPGDA63YMO/auckland-927242_1920.jpg Public Articles - Fiji's Indian community prepare for Girmit 'Remembrance Day' in Auckland “More than 140 years of Fiji’s Indian-origin community’s history will be remembered in a special commemorative event in Auckland next month.” By Arvind Kumar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622636061264-AOWZUU5TBJUAOCQNIIIT/13226769535_7d4cc87e7d_o.jpg Public Articles - Why Indian women became the faces of these Victorian-era postcards “On the fronts of 19th-century postcards displayed in Caribbean shops, women in traditional Indian styles portrayed the islands as lush and exotic tourist destinations.” By Hena Sharma, CNN Image: DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1618409861974-G2IPZDGJKAMV4K1M7CST/unsplash-image-9Dt4WutvwDs.jpg Public Articles - Anti-Indenture Bhojpuri Folk Songs and Poems from North India “Anti-Indenture Bhojpuri Folk Songs and Poems from North India” is available in PDF format here. By Ashutosh Kumar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1618407294591-18VYMC1EH6SMTNNROWVR/22208356574_50a692d70b_o.jpg Public Articles - Indenture system ended a century ago, but Indians still face racism in British colonies Indenture system ended a century ago, but Indians still face racism in British colonies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1600439884894-8G3CH4YN6ZLLTQODL8WI/Map_of_America_by_Sebastian_Munster.jpg Public Articles - Irish indentured servants “Like the movement of other European people to the Americas, Irish migration to the Caribbean and British North America had complex causes..” By Wikipedia Map by Sebastian Münster https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1610640337552-HSUVM1BVLDWAS5BF0MLH/4101516044_2872513b33_o.jpg Public Articles - The story of Irish indentured servants sent from here to the Caribbean The story of Irish indentured servants sent from here to the Caribbean https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590767646595-UZPDVQNO5KQO12H9V9TC/13227675614_15b2cc628e_o%2B%25281%2529.jpg Public Articles - The forgotten story of India’s colonial slave workers who began leaving home 180 years ago “On Nov. 2, 1834, three dozen Indians labourers arrived in Mauritius, after a 48-days-long voyage onboard the Atlas from Kolkata...” By Devjyot Ghoshal Photo credit: DeGolyer Library - SMU https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602512843548-LACSH9FF5KVLKPWL768D/8518530340_519e4c4276_o.jpg Public Articles - End of Indenture and 70th Anniversary of Indian Independence Conference - We Can and Must Keep Alive the Story of Our Origins By Dr R Neerunjun Gopee Photo credit: The National Archives UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591188085536-OG6XYEVZ53ZBDSH3V4WP/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles - Nu tou Creole: Are we Mauritians really African? “The Kreol language binds Mauritius’ diverse communities together...” By Shaheen Beeharry Photo credit: Ingo Hamm on Unsplash https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602260708680-HUJSM20PP1T4KXR2NFX3/Mahatma-Gandhi%252C_studio%252C_1931.jpg Public Articles - Gandhiji’s Champaran Satyagraha “It was in Champaran, North Bihar on the Himalayan slopes bordering Nepal, that the Mahatma’s actual Satyagraha concept materialized” By Sarita Boodhoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602515884926-ZXUVBPSJFT3788UEMAU6/image.jpg Public Articles - The Begging Bowl Phenomena “Once, 2500 years ago, there was a Prince by the name of Sidharth Gautama, belonging to the Sakhya dynasty at the foot of the Himalayas.” By Sarita Boodhoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602518046856-GCEEBSTBBOL477U3XKM8/image.jpg Public Articles - The Interrelation between Bollywood/Hindi Film Music and Classical Hindustani Music By Sarita Boodhoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1605790421137-NLO3A23VUI35BCAXN7ES/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles - The legacy of Indian migration to European colonies “A century after India ended the system of indentured labour, its diaspora is building a shared identity” By The Economist https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1611828382880-FLH2D37DKKYYPDOPHDHK/8517417989_57300f011e_o.jpg Public Articles - The story of the International Indentured Labour Route Project and its philosophy “The International Indentured Labour Route Project (IILRP) has a story that is worth telling. It started, in my own work and praxis, in 1994, when the Slave Route was launched…” By Le Mauricien https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622645142239-8HLAKJZ7R4MWY9MKB8D2/unsplash-image-0XUnd0bXqTE.jpg Public Articles - The nature of the indenture system in 19th century Mauritius By Aheylia Devi Doongoor https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602518621548-GVKL4ME5GQVG68GQAB3B/11221307345_a9e7cae669_o.jpg Public Articles - From India to Reunion Island: From indenture to emancipation “Slavery was officially abolished in Réunion on December 20th 1848, and replaced by indenture…” By Morgan Fache Photo credit: The British Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602518325244-VSE606CJTG31OAZRRQWX/960px-Thaipusam_in_Mauritius_-_January_2011_%285372544017%29.jpg Public Articles - An Indian Reunion Image by carrotmadman6 from Mauritius - DSCN9962, CC BY 2.0 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602587929599-29MMX9RG361R4586XP1H/5729452721_8ddf604d01_c.jpg Public Articles - 3 quirky Indian tales from French Reunion Island “Reunion Island began as a place where prisoners were left to die. 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Ramsaran, Far From Home – The story of Indian Indentured laborers in the Caribbean. (PDF Download) https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/journals daily 0.75 2026-03-05 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/made-in-chatsworth-flies-in-the-face-of-covid19 daily 0.75 2020-05-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588691240802-VZWGUCO0L0XHGIPRUO18/29Apr_MadeInChatsworth_Supplied-1.jpg Made in Chatsworth flies in the face of Covid-19 Made in Chatsworth author Kiru Naidoo pictured here as a baby with his parents, Kanniamma Govindarajulu and Chungelrion Naidoo. (Photograph courtesy of Kiru Naidoo) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588754304778-S77NQ0MO1K1KUO5ZCKGZ/29Apr_MadeInChatsworth_Supplied-2.jpg Made in Chatsworth flies in the face of Covid-19 Social entrepreneur Anivesh Singh has created an online platform for Chatsworth traders that is helping them survive financially during the government’s Covid-19 lockdown. (Photograph by Illa Thompson) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588754435093-OAOFT4P7S7X4YGIAKMM1/29Apr_MadeInChatsworth_Supplied-3.jpg Made in Chatsworth flies in the face of Covid-19 From left, Booksellers of Mzansi Jay-Jae Madwe and Richard Nzima at a monthly book fair before the lockdown. Made in Chatsworth has given the booksellers a way to earn a living online during the lockdown. (Photograph by Illa Thompson) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1588754688070-HZG2P2440MZ6F4OQ92F0/29Apr_MadeInChatsworth_Supplied-4.jpg Made in Chatsworth flies in the face of Covid-19 The cover of Made in Chatsworth, the book that spawned a movement celebrating local enterprise. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/visual-materials daily 0.75 2024-05-02 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/mark-tumbridge-bio daily 0.75 2020-07-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589537697207-3BW9WTK70J96ZLYKCZ6T/Mark%2BTumbridge.jpg Mark Tumbridge bio https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/orientalizing-caribbean-society daily 0.75 2020-05-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589381760976-Z7A6QL4NYBNK6US3W5RN/8023267848_2ee3d31d69_o.jpg Orientalizing Caribbean Society https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590065065229-S85QD8O29DDTEPKYLN1M/louis-renaudineau-79dDz5e_vdE-unsplash.jpg Orientalizing Caribbean Society https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/crescent-in-the-caribbean daily 0.75 2020-05-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1583942762254-KN8DBLZJJ8P6JLAD7RBL/8023255584_7cd4882d4a_o.jpg The Crescent in the Caribbean https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/some-reflections-on-the-indian-diaspora daily 0.75 2020-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1589201537359-J5AH3NHT5U939IKWVXUO/8023270467_7a01842340_o.jpg Some Reflections on the Indian Diaspora https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/coolitude-and-the-symbolism-of-the-aapravasi-ghat daily 0.75 2020-05-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590507101385-1Y2WOV9UGWP2MR61KRMU/8517394143_04f59c9c66_o.jpg Coolitude and the symbolism of the Aapravasi ghat https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/sign-up daily 0.75 2020-05-27 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/from-the-transarchiplique-antilles-the-coolitude-of-khal-torabully daily 0.75 2020-05-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590663943002-85569JMNGUJVRQ4I3CH4/7629726814_a87ffa28a9_o.jpg From the Transarchipélique Antilles: The Coolitude of Khal Torabully https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/arlen-harris daily 0.75 2020-07-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590679323207-GHSQ8VAZ1W1BYF79B0MB/image-asset.jpeg Arlen Harris https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/yvette-hoskings-james daily 0.75 2021-05-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591092638764-ACQGPGHDZN7CBQ3QJG29/Yvette021.jpg Yvette Hoskings-James https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/alas-alas-kongo daily 0.75 2020-06-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591369510426-FZ2H312U8WM9IRUPIC1T/14761786536_bc3fd3b16f_o.jpg Alas Alas Kongo https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-fiji daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-mauritius daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-women daily 0.75 2025-11-06 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-caribbean daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-malaysia daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-assam daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-south-and-east-africa daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/professorship daily 0.75 2024-02-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1692717976913-HZIB0MY1QOLO906HG6JF/image-asset.jpeg University of Cambridge Visiting Fellowship in Indentureship Studies The Ameena Gafoor Institute and the University of Cambridge have created what is believed to be the first ever visiting fellowship into the study of indentureship, the controversial system that replaced slavery in the British Empire. The programme allows a scholar to spend eight weeks at the University, conducting research and will run for an initial five years. In 2023, Professor Gaiutra Bahadur, author of Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture, was appointed as the first visiting bye-fellow in Indentureship Studies. Coolie Woman, which was shortlisted for the Orwell Prize, is a major study of the lives of Indian women who became indentured labourers to colonial plantations in the nineteenth century. https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/lynne-macedo daily 0.75 2020-07-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1594030274949-XY8A5DOIQ0FEVRYUDGOK/5M6A7155+%283%29.jpg Lynne Macedo https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-the-americas daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-creative-writing daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/encyclopedia-of-indian-diaspora daily 0.75 2020-07-20 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/privacy-policy daily 0.75 2020-08-07 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/oral-history-project daily 0.75 2026-04-01 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-films daily 0.75 2025-11-06 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-dutch-caribbean daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-bibliography-french-caribbean-and-territories daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/bibliography-antipodes daily 0.75 2026-02-04 https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/priscilla-velvindron daily 0.75 2021-05-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620665103668-7XYXV2DU70TNFJDL047Z/IMG_7304+2.jpeg Priscilla Velvindron https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/public-articles-fiji daily 0.75 2021-10-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1614793863800-S5A7XJZSU4S37FX24K1L/8942250-3x2-xlarge.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Blackbirding: Australia's history of luring, tricking and kidnapping Pacific Islanders “Starting from the 1860s, tens of thousands of Pacific Islanders were taken to Australia to work on plantations in Queensland, often by force or trickery.” By Will Higginbotham Photo credit: State Library Of Queensland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590767621393-3GZOSD1PDR3ZLC8HO6A5/102993921_e63d880bf0_o.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Indo-Fijians and Fiji’s Coup Culture “A former prime minister urged Fiji to better acknowledge its past, especially the 40 years indentured Indian labor.” By Grant Wyeth Photo credit: Jared Wiltshire on Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591110870474-1C6JA7TIPUNKQKJGO3PY/14764263394_99432a406b_o%2B%25281%2529.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Fiji’s Future Uncertain as Indians Continue Exodus Fiji’s Future Uncertain as Indians Continue Exodus By Michael Field https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602511335903-PW1UU635LUZ17O3ULYFZ/8188704990_77e2ee231f_o.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Another version of history A tribute to the contribution of Fiji Nepalis “Girmit, or indentured labour from 1879 to 1920, is typically recognised as originating from India. This includes Pakistan and Bangladesh, whose geographic boundaries were encompassed as part of India during the girmit era.” By The Fiji Times Photo credit: The National Archives UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602258756435-L5BJWUBB8VOHAHST60IT/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles Fiji Page - Ethnic Indians face Fijian-style apartheid “The exodus of Fijian Indians should start soon as some of the brightest and better off, shut out of power by the strongly nationalistic interim government, decide to leave the sinking ship which was their island home.” by The Irish Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602511419343-P73GRFOKS8PF9YFBRVO4/image.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Indians should not bask in success stories: Ex Indo-Fijian Prime Minister “ Former Fijian PM of Indian-origin has appealed to the Indian diaspora to guard against being deluded by certain success stories.” by The Economic Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602259496723-5WRTA2A9G9EJN1X6MV0A/2880px-Flag_of_Fiji.svg.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Dialogue on race relations in Fiji “DELIBERATIONS from Dialogue Fiji and Citizens’ Constitutional Forum’s Dialogue on Ethnic Relations next month will be fed into the CSO report to the UN’s Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination.” By Felix Chaudhary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602511062615-SFTKXNREFIUPRS82ZG2N/image.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - ‘Descendants of indentured labourers have undergone changes’ “The descendants of indentured labourers who arrived in Fiji more than 100 years ago have undergone many changes, says University of the South Pacific academic Professor Vijay Naidu…” By Repeka Nasiko https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606492380723-YNEYZ0LSRF2FE8PFO5R7/image.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Anniversary Of Two Conflicting Events On Same Date: A Great Paradox Of History “Descendants of the Girmitiyas, born and bred here, have every right to be called Fijians because they have earned it through their immense contribution to Fiji…” By Nemani Delaibatiki https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621267012127-L7YZIU60Z8MC23K0KB20/unsplash-image-Z1nR_XYszJ0.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - History of Fiji football “…The British and other European colonisers took with them a whole spread of games such as the various forms of football along with cricket, hockey, tennis, rowing, swimming, cycling, golf, polo and racing of animals among others…” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621267699719-HSWIM44DH5AE176IRHXK/unsplash-image-5BOJ0_g4mcU.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Keep your culture: The challenge for South Indians in Fiji “THE term is “Madrasi” and not “Mandraji” as some have perceived for decades in Fiji. South Indians came to Fiji well before 1903 as part of the indenture system. However, on record the first ship from Madras named Elbe III reached Fiji on May 22, 1903…” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621269258190-ODZPPTQTWRZEEUSZV3ZH/unsplash-image-hrzVoHHpiZM.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Discovering Fiji: Serea’s golden rubber days; Part 1 “Each time you travel past Wainadoi, on your way to Navua and beyond, you would most probably see a few lines of mysterious-looking trees that spring out of a patchwork of grass and shrubs prolific in rainy parts of Viti Levu…” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621269037192-PWBHXEVR37TDV4C12DHN/unsplash-image-1eWgIBXsyn4.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Why Fiji Indians are vulagi: Dr Ganesh Chand explains “The debate on whether Indians in Fiji are “vulagi” (visitors) has reached offshore, and discussion in the New Zealand media is getting intense…” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621944823665-Z3KNPPFHZM7Q1OS0V8YD/unsplash-image-MhILndAJlw8.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Another version of history A tribute to the contribution of Fiji Nepalis “Girmit, or indentured labour from 1879 to 1920, is typically recognised as originating from India. This includes Pakistan and Bangladesh, whose geographic boundaries were encompassed as part of India during the girmit era.” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621947249690-9XYZRWF26PW9S0BWKFJE/unsplash-image-e5YjVcIJW-A.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Chronology for East Indians in Fiji “1835 - Missionaries first came to Fiji via the Wesleyan mission in Tonga. 1851 - 1860 - Due to epidemics of various diseases, thousands of indigenous Fijians died. Their numbers did not begin to rise again until the 1950s.” By the University of Maryland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621948929015-ETBNPEMIW2T710LPCRYZ/IMG_0062.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Forgotten struggles of Fiji girmitiya “Such were the findings of Dr Brij Lal, the former permanent secretary for the Ministry of Education and sitting member of Parliament while carrying out research into the life of his grandfather, Khanjan Lal, an indentured labourer who found his way to Fiji during the girmit era…” By Matilda Simmons at The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621952055352-4X0E87BLRB8U10LZY1XR/unsplash-image-_Zua2hyvTBk.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Shanti Dut “FIJI’S one and only Hindi newspaper, Shanti Dut, the vernacular newspaper of the Fiji Times Ltd, has been shining for 82 years in Fiji. Two years ago, the newspaper celebrated its 80th anniversary.” By The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621957012395-313JLR9FXNGDWZ9JFWP9/Yellow-Barfi_442x296.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Fiji’s Indian delicacies “In Fiji and abroad, a familiar name that comes to mind when you think of quality Indians sweets and snacks is Bhikhabhai. Their sweets and snacks are top quality yet competitively priced. Bhikhabhai’s director and CEO Viraaj Kantilal Lad said they now had four shops based in Ba, Lautoka, Nadi and Suva.” By Atasa Williams at The Fiji Times https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621957797457-51O45M480GULLH3UFJ9A/6330410982_c0fc535fac_o.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Lively dance form in Fiji “Gujarat is famous for celebrating festivals with huge enthusiasm. They have a range of traditional dances based on their rich culture and tradition…” By The Fiji Times Photography by dpbirds, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, via Flickr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622635219548-1I8D4DS25H6C0E9SOXRZ/26158094880_9a7dffc39c_c.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - NZ’s Fijian-Indians want to be recognised as Pasifika, not Asians “Fijian-Indians living in New Zealand are opposing moves by the government to classify them as Asians and not Pacific Islanders.” By The Fiji Times Image by peonyandthistle , CC BY-NC-ND 2.0, Retrieved from Flickr. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622635526607-VGMOW8ZYITAPGDA63YMO/auckland-927242_1920.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Fiji's Indian community prepare for Girmit 'Remembrance Day' in Auckland “More than 140 years of Fiji’s Indian-origin community’s history will be remembered in a special commemorative event in Auckland next month.” By Arvind Kumar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622636061264-AOWZUU5TBJUAOCQNIIIT/13226769535_7d4cc87e7d_o.jpg Public Articles Fiji Page - Why Indian women became the faces of these Victorian-era postcards “On the fronts of 19th-century postcards displayed in Caribbean shops, women in traditional Indian styles portrayed the islands as lush and exotic tourist destinations.” By Hena Sharma, CNN Image: DeGolyer Library, Southern Methodist University via Flickr https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/public-articles-caribbean daily 0.75 2024-01-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/02976ce2-4172-45ee-9def-bf5be5e06a90/From+Kolkata+to+Highbury_Ashook+Ramsaran.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - From Kolkata to Highbury (1838 – 2013): A Journey to Remember “Indian heritage and culture are the cornerstone of the diaspora, transcending time and place, surviving obstacles and severe situations, remoteness and influences. Despite speaking different languages, living in different and sometimes remote places, sustaining and improving our lives, we share heartfelt feelings of Indianness and the urge and yearning to connect and belong. Meanwhile, we have inherited and taken a lot from India and transformed our lives and the new countries of our birth or adoption.” By Ashook Ramsaran https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620745377844-KNXB5I8S09FESPOCTHX7/4291090608_865049cb72_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - African Indentured Labour – a neglected area of national life One of the anomalies of the commemoration of Indentureship in Guyana has been the refusal to acknowledge the role of Africans in the labour system that had been introduced after the Abolition Act of slavery in 1834… By Ravi Dev Photo retrieved from The Field Museum Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620918977177-IVR6C3SJI7JWOIF4X8E4/4290349659_2e0b1fbb01_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - West Indian and African Migration to British Guiana (Guyana) from 1834 “With the passing of the Emancipation Act in 1833, the sugar planters in British Guiana (Guyana) anticipated a labour shortage…” By Odeen Ishmael Photo credit: The Field Museum Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620921462620-95WUD9JO0HPGZ4P9XLKF/14595486427_539676ff21_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - African Immigrants: They Arrived Too African Immigrants: They Arrived Too “The purpose of this article is to inform Guyanese in general, and the people of African descent in particular about the participation of people of African descent in Guyana’s 19th century immigration schemes” By Cecilia McAlmont Photo credit: The Internet Archive via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602600412947-FKWZWGQ0H6NQ64ON0RD8/Newly_arrived_indentured_in_Trinidad.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Antilles: Fragments of Epic Memory “Felicity is a village in Trinidad on the edge of the Caroni plain, the wide central plain that still grows sugar and to which indentured cane cutters were brought after emancipation, so the small population of Felicity is East Indian…” By Derek Walcott https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1620922034059-OVBEWLJQDYTBVIC493XC/8517394143_04f59c9c66_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - A brief history of the Portuguese in Guyana “While on May 5th the 175th Anniversary of Indian Arrival was commemorated, there was another anniversary two days earlier that slipped by unnoticed…” By Mary Noel Menezes Photo credit: The Field Museum Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602600368490-JX5I5JKBAG28DD6IVVUL/7643188882_80757c6f41_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page Indian Culture in Guadeloupe and Martinique “The British planters in the neighborhood colonies lik Trinidad, Guyana and Jamaica had saved their sugar plantations from a similar crisis of shortage of labour by importing labourers from India” By Suresh Kumar Pillai https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622634759012-LV7XTZHEF6PBSIWEW8I7/7629717094_b714653749_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Arrival of the Chinese Indentured Workers in British Guiana (Guyana) The Arrival of the Chinese Indentured Workers in British Guiana (Guyana) “Even though the planters in British Guiana (Guyana) had expressed interest in introducing Chinese labourers since Emancipation, it was not until 1851…” By Odeen Ishmael Photo credit: The National Archives UK https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602605018941-TLUNZES7431LL0FOBXD8/11276983776_532b60e469_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Indentured Indians in the French Antilles By David Northrup Photo credit: The British Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602605606735-YK2U5JHEKA8L23EL4DFB/image.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page An indentured labourer's daughter remembers “At age 107, Sajo Jhagroo, daughter of an indentured labourer, still has vivid memories of her childhood and the stories her father told her about his life in the barracks.” By Sascha Wilson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1595262374264-9AH5P1LSGI91YK9LJC0R/4101516044_2872513b33_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Indentured servitude in British America “Indentured servitude in British America was the prominent system of labor in British American colonies until it was eventually overcome by slavery. During its time, the system was so prominent that…” By Wikipedia Photo credit: The U.S. National Archives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602675327038-MPROM8IFLGXXADRLZZB2/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles Caribbean page - Indo-Trinidadians yearn for their Indian roots “And that is why a master genealogist in the Caribbean island is helping them trace their roots. When Kamla Persad Bissessar visited India as the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago in January 2012, there was something life-altering in store for her…” By G. Pramod Kumar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602675833599-99ILN1NZUQP3647Z38MA/7643279364_eba109e1f6_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Searching through the fog of history, this man helps Trinidad families trace their Indian roots “Shamshu Deen turned his passion for genealogy into a challenging career that makes him and hundreds happy.” By Parul Agrawal Photo credit: The National Archives UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602772747675-8ZNB2CHLV1EILSHZPQWE/13228451494_4eabae4262_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - 175 years of Indians in Jamaica “May 2020 marks 175 years of the arrival of the first Indians in Jamaica. Little did anyone know that a group of 261 Indians, landing at Old Harbour Bay in 1845, would inextricably link the fates of the people of these two countries for all times to come.” By M Salava Naik Photo credit: SMU Libraries Digital Collections via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602772787938-CUSLLS0UILVMNTJ1TS39/7629726814_a87ffa28a9_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Experience of Indian Indenture in Trinidad: Arrival and Settlement Between 1845 and 1917 a total of 143,939 Indians migrated to Trinidad under the system of Indian indenture. Most of these indentured labourers were drawn from the agricultural and laboring classes of the Uttar Pradesh and Bihar regions of north India…” By Caribbean Atlas https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602773530639-6ATPDPOC08IPPJDD1HH1/image.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - 10 Contributions Indian Immigrants Made to Jamaica 10 Contributions Indian Immigrants Made to Jamaica https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602774380250-TBT6KOLNDF651QX2ON51/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Arrival Of The Indians From 1845 to 1921, over 36,000 East Indians, mainly of the Hindu faith, were brought to Jamaica. Close to two-thirds of them remained. Following the abolition of slavery in the1830s, after failed attempts to source much-needed labour through bountied European immigration, the Jamaican Government turned to India and China. By Dr. Rebecca Tortello https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602774798361-MMY45H3VUDFV2A4MVOBQ/14798723593_83e37537ee_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Indians Abroad: A Story From Trinidad “In April this year, I visited the Indian Caribbean museum near the town of Chaguanas in Trinidad. Set in a large hall, the museum had no other visitors. Its curator, Saisbhan Jokhan, 69, came out to greet me.” By Namit Arora https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602776037751-1I198GH1XREAVSYX9YTT/13226305605_3a8d6f53fe_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Beyond the Coolie Identity in the Caribbean “The word coolie is the most explosive word in the Caribbean Indian experience. If there was ever a unifying theme among the descendants of indentured Indians around the globe, it was the word coolie,” says Lomarsh Roopnarine, an expert in Indo-Caribbean history. By Aisiri Amin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602777064260-3Q19EVT25BE4MLHPDR6S/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles Caribbean page - Immigrants to Citizens: the Indian Community in Grenada, 1857 to the Present “The Indian community is the largest minority group in Grenada. This group was first introduced during the second half of the nineteenth century when Grenada experimented with indentured labour.” By Ron Sookram https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603720015472-YIZ3LOTCM0PUII9TCUUS/14778973391_d9505f7b91_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Life of Indentured Servants in Colonial Barbados The Life of Indentured Servants in Colonial Barbados https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603722859828-WXBYG5LW35XYIGZNAFRJ/Untitled%2Bdesign.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Hidden histories: Indenture to Windrush “I am the daughter of a Windrush-era migrant who arrived in the United Kingdom from Guyana (then British Guiana) in 1961. My father was one of almost 180,000 people who migrated from the Caribbean to the UK between 1948 and 1963.” By Maria del Pilar Kaladeen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1606999636879-29MLH0SR5C274UL7A7D8/8023255584_7cd4882d4a_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Mandingo Muslims Of Trinidad “The following story has its roots in Manding Muslim civilization which dominated West Africa for three hundred years and stretched from beyond Timbuctu to the Atlantic. It helps to explain why Muslims in Trinidad are still called ‘Madingas’.” By Abdul Wahid Hamid https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607003888532-NDJ9DAL14SNEFPWW4DSD/image.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - “A Young Soldier of Islam” Haji Ruknudeen Sahib “Prepared on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of Haji Ruknudeen’s death, this lecture, A Young Soldier of Islam: Haji Ruknudeen Sahib, examines the contributions made by this indentured immigrant who came to these shores some 120 years ago and spent 75 years in service to the Muslim community.” Download PDF here https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607004131393-9439OSVZDXV4FCKP9W9J/7643279364_eba109e1f6_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - A History Of Indentured Labor Gives 'Coolie' Its Sting A History Of Indentured Labor Gives 'Coolie' Its Sting “In her recently-released book Coolie Woman, author Gaiutra Bahadur traces the life story of her great-grandmother, who boarded an indenture ship in Calcutta in the early 1900s.” By Lakshmi Gandhi Photo credit: The National Archives UK https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607013915927-1X0LB8DE8IDJAEUQKOHB/Hugli.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Memorial plaque in honour of Indian indentured labourers unveiled at Kolkata Port “A memorial plaque in honour of Indian indentured labourers was unveiled on January 11, 2011 at Kidderpore Dock, Kolkata Port by Union Minister for Overseas Indian Affairs Vayalar Ravi.” By Press Information Bureau India Photo credit: The British Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607522517944-C9FANSWXNIIZ4IR4OFSX/4291093960_416652463e_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Celebrating East Indian Arrival in Guyana –a story of survival against tremendous odds Celebrating East Indian Arrival in Guyana –a story of survival against tremendous odds “For over three-quarters of a century (1838-1917), Indian indentured labourers were imported from the sub-continent of India to the West Indian colonies, ostensibly to fill the void created as a result of the mass exodus of ex-slaves from plantation labour…” By Guyana Chronicle Photo credit: The Field Museum Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607522676825-XHICCIEC9KPZDO91YEWB/7629717094_b714653749_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The New Slavery “An Account of the Indian and Chinese Immigrants in British Guiana… Indeed, the earliest attempt to import indentured labour from India to British Guiana ended in scandal and public outcry when antislavery advocates’ accusations that the new labour system was really no different from slavery” By Anne Marie Lee-Loy Photo credit: The National Archives UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607524804935-N3FTNUP8XRSJXITBQ93L/Mersey_%2528ship%252C_1894%2529_-_SLV_H91.250-1489.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Coolie Ships “The arrival of indentured labourers, especially those from India, enabled the planters to establish sugar as a monoculture, to reap profits over an extended period of time while keeping wages low…” By Evan Radhay Persaud Photo shows the Mersey https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1611591184635-GVY92RTEA4YBNPK7E8Q7/image.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Portuguese Caribbean Rum of Trinidad, Guyana, and Antigua “An issue with the Colonial Classification of Rum is that it defines the spirit by the three European powers that came to the Caribbean to conquer, and the contributions made by other groups are essentially erased…” By Aneil Lutchman https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1612351095703-44EU81W0KI29601PUBNW/image.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Asian Indians in Saint Domingue: An Early Indo-Caribbean Population Asian Indians in Saint Domingue: An Early Indo-Caribbean Population This post will attempt a brief look at this minority of the captive population to see what it reveals about the nature of Saint Domingue, its heterogeneous enslaved population, and the global networks in the crown jewel of 18th century French colonialism. By Yvie https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603729750923-WJREY8SR5P74GCTEW77J/13226445914_4a69ef3d27_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Jahajee Sisters: Activism for Indo-Caribbean Feminist Futures “Can we imagine a world in which Indo-Caribbean women are not the subject of headlines in the form of murder? Can we imagine an Indo-Caribbean community that holds perpetrators of gender-based violence accountable? Where is the outrage for murdered Indo-Caribbean women?” By Stabroek News Photo credit: SMU Digital Libraries via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621346726475-Y0F6W1V3U510NIMS4W3S/13228451494_4eabae4262_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - 175 years of Indians in Jamaica “Between 1845 and 1921, over 36,000 Indians were brought to Jamaica. Upon their arrival, the Indians were dispersed to the plantations in Portland, St Thomas, St Mary, Clarendon, and Westmoreland.” By M Salava Naik https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1607010043551-LK6TVCWXAT5AQSN6OY20/13227996584_1cf7588068_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Indentureship experience in Jamaica – common suffering of Muslims and Hindus “From 1845 to 1921, over 36,000 East Indians, mainly of the Hindu faith, were brought to Jamaica. Close to two-thirds of them remained.” By Dr. Rebecca Tortello Photo credit: SMU Libraries via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621347043089-21F5TEA9GA6JJC2GVK37/16589384342_38bb8df6a8_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Indian diaspora in Martinique Nearly 3% of the current population of Martinique comprises of Indians. Recently mayor of Saint Pierre, Christina Raffa, called a 3-day festival to commemorate the historical event and to thank the Indian indentured labourers who participated in the development of Martinique. By Newsgram Photo credit: The British Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621346976918-ND8HX72OXBDVVH7TEFFD/unsplash-image-PWMc1zk9oow.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Arrival of the Portuguese in British Guiana (now Guyana) in 1834 “From the time of the abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and, particularly, during the period of the campaign to end slavery, the planters of…” By Odeen Ishmael Photo credit: The National Archives UK https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621345030135-GKIE1CHNSBRDN86CAC4M/7643279364_eba109e1f6_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Commemorating Indian Arrival Day “LAST Wednesday, 5th May, Indian Arrival Day was commemorated countrywide. The University of Guyana and the High Commission of India conducted a high-powered Symposium and the Media, both print and electronic, carried multi-dimensional stories on indentured immigration and on the descendants of the immigrants. By Guyana Chronicle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621345300607-0LH6NDAOBC989ZRSAMKN/7629717094_b714653749_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Chinese In Guyana “…Each Chinese laborer had to sign a contract under which he was required to perform any kind of work he was ordered to by the British Immigration Agent. He had to work for at least nine and a half hours a day, six days a week. Sunday was a day of rest…” By Peter Halder Photo: The National Achieves UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621351035095-Y2ZZAQDQI2RXL0E8QCML/unsplash-image-LyKe-jG9WEo.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Saddhu of Couva Short Film The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621946930604-SENIELJFFCRCJ9HPNUNT/unsplash-image-cVIh2tG7Rd8.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Indentured Indians in the French Antilles. Les immigrants indiens engagés aux Antilles françaises By David Northrup https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622639773518-I372UEJOF7AE6SAJFO17/unsplash-image-nasVN_R_VZU.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The African Village Movement “However, the attitude of the majority of the planters caused the fear of the loss of labour to become a self fulfilling prophecy. After a brief vacation at the end of apprenticeship, most of the now ex apprentices returned to the plantations where they had laboured during slavery and apprenticeship, but they were demanding different conditions of service.” By Cecilia McAlmont https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622639710674-4RKSGJ5AU93NX94H2KLL/14597790320_4f26dc180e_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - 150 years and counting: A look at the situation of 19th century Chinese immigrant women and the occupations of some of their female descendants The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622640291884-53KOU7FMQYQYHW7C93XL/4290349595_ef3b9f1a3a_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - British Guiana’s immigration dilemma: The Chinese experiment “Despite the enthusiasm of the planters for Chinese immigrants, the “Chinese Experiment” was comparatively short and erratic and did not yield the expected results. There were several reasons for its failure to do so.” By Cecilia McAlmont https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622640967823-BYS84238ZPA72PW6IMS6/4290349641_57762a80f2_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Debunking the myth that Indians were ‘dependent coolies’ in British Guiana “In 1936, 16 years after indenture was abolished, the Indian population was 140,718 with 74,087 males and 66,231 males. Of this total, 55,630 were living on the estates while 85,088 were off the estates, according to the Immigration Agent General report of 1937.” By Lomarsh Roopnarin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1624363573119-OTNQUJW0NCHF67BZAGHO/7629722100_09dce8b95a_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - We are not just about Chinese fried rice – Chinese Guyanese want due recognition The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1624368758332-4S91SSLPKEFLXW58IPFA/unsplash-image-DY2miYwMchk.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - ‘Bound Coolies’ and Other Indentured Workers in the Caribbean: Implications for debates about human trafficking and modern slavery K Kempadoo, ‘“Bound Coolies” and Other Indentured Workers in the Caribbean: Implications for debates about human trafficking and modern slavery’, Anti-Trafficking Review, issue 9, 2017, pp. 48—63, www.antitraffickingreview.org https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1624464892824-IBXFO3K7XELDMWH4TWNJ/The_Old_Fort%2C_the_Playhouse%2C_Holwell%27s_Monument_from_Views_of_Calcutta.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Chinese Arrival “Chinese immigration to Trinidad occurred in four waves. The first wave of Chinese immigrants arrived in Trinidad on 12th October 1806 on the ship Fortitude. Of the 200 passengers who set sail, 192 arrived. They came, not from mainland China, but from Macao, Penang and Canton.” By Trinidad and Tobago NALIS https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1624465023941-B2ATKUDF79HCTUQY397Y/13227675614_15b2cc628e_o+%281%29.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - “Coolie Trade in the 19th Century” The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1625152099230-LEXTEDYND2N6TGAOV6Z5/HMT_Empire_Windrush_FL9448.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Some of the most interesting Windrush passengers were Indo-Caribbean – yet their stories remain untold “On Windrush Day, the story of Caribbeans of Indian descent aboard the eponymous ship is not a straightforward history to trace or tell” By Nicholas Boston https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1625153934496-IYIEKDY79A5KIXQ9O0JT/8023255584_7cd4882d4a_o.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - Religion and Social Identity - Dr Sherry-Ann Singh: Trinidad In today’s podcast, Rajan travels to Trinidad & Tobago to speak to Dr. Sherry-Ann Singh, a Professor of Indian History at the University of the West Indies who speaks to us about her thoughts on where religion, especially Hinduism, sits in modern-day Trinidad & Tobago, culture and identity and how the Ramayan’s Sita has undergone a variety of interpretations throughout the ages; from being seen as subservient to being in control of her destiny. By Global Indian Series https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1625156233704-IMWPWQJ00QQOD206AWTE/unsplash-image-XfEHT_GnJvo.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - The Brutality of Indentureship | Hidden History: Kyneata Joseph The Saddhu of Couva Short Film “In 2001, Derek Walcott commissioned award-winning filmmaker Yao Ramesar to produce a series of films that would allow students across the Caribbean to access and explore these works. The Saddhu of Couva (The Star-Apple Kingdom, FSG, 1979) is the first in the series, narrated and written by Walcott.” By Yao Ramesar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1626973092942-30LK2UC16V4FO6A9208S/unsplash-image-UgUeJnWlV_w.jpg Public Articles Caribbean page - A History Of Indentured Labor Gives 'Coolie' Its Sting "In India — in the subcontinent — a 'coolie' is someone who carries baggage," said Bahadur. "And these women sort of carry the baggage of colonialism; the expectations of white men, the expectations of Indian men. Here they have to sort of preserve family, preserve culture." By Lakshmi Gandhi https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/public-articles-mauritius daily 0.75 2021-12-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/9b86f4e8-4f76-42ef-9df8-9c6b9b774f6f/nypl.digitalcollections.5e66b3e9-25e5-d471-e040-e00a180654d7.001.w.jpg Public Articles Mauritius - The Startling Postcolonial Poetics of “Coolitude” “Khal Thorabully’s epic poem “re-voices” the history of Indian indentured migration, and in the process imagines a new kind of transoceanic political solidarity.” By Aditya Bahl Image retrieved from the New York Public Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1590767646595-UZPDVQNO5KQO12H9V9TC/13227675614_15b2cc628e_o%2B%25281%2529.jpg Public Articles Mauritius - The forgotten story of India’s colonial slave workers who began leaving home 180 years ago “On Nov. 2, 1834, three dozen Indians labourers arrived in Mauritius, after a 48-days-long voyage onboard the Atlas from Kolkata...” By Devjyot Ghoshal Photo credit: DeGolyer Library - SMU https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602512843548-LACSH9FF5KVLKPWL768D/8518530340_519e4c4276_o.jpg Public Articles Mauritius - End of Indenture and 70th Anniversary of Indian Independence Conference - We Can and Must Keep Alive the Story of Our Origins By Dr R Neerunjun Gopee Photo credit: The National Archives UK via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591188085536-OG6XYEVZ53ZBDSH3V4WP/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles Mauritius - Nu tou Creole: Are we Mauritians really African? “The Kreol language binds Mauritius’ diverse communities together...” By Shaheen Beeharry Photo credit: Ingo Hamm on Unsplash https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602260708680-HUJSM20PP1T4KXR2NFX3/Mahatma-Gandhi%252C_studio%252C_1931.jpg Public Articles Mauritius - Gandhiji’s Champaran Satyagraha “It was in Champaran, North Bihar on the Himalayan slopes bordering Nepal, that the Mahatma’s actual Satyagraha concept materialized” By Sarita Boodhoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602515884926-ZXUVBPSJFT3788UEMAU6/image.jpg Public Articles Mauritius - The Begging Bowl Phenomena “Once, 2500 years ago, there was a Prince by the name of Sidharth Gautama, belonging to the Sakhya dynasty at the foot of the Himalayas.” By Sarita Boodhoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602518046856-GCEEBSTBBOL477U3XKM8/image.jpg Public Articles Mauritius - The Interrelation between Bollywood/Hindi Film Music and Classical Hindustani Music By Sarita Boodhoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1605790421137-NLO3A23VUI35BCAXN7ES/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles Mauritius - The legacy of Indian migration to European colonies “A century after India ended the system of indentured labour, its diaspora is building a shared identity” By The Economist https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1611828382880-FLH2D37DKKYYPDOPHDHK/8517417989_57300f011e_o.jpg Public Articles Mauritius - The story of the International Indentured Labour Route Project and its philosophy “The International Indentured Labour Route Project (IILRP) has a story that is worth telling. It started, in my own work and praxis, in 1994, when the Slave Route was launched…” By Le Mauricien https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1622645142239-8HLAKJZ7R4MWY9MKB8D2/unsplash-image-0XUnd0bXqTE.jpg Public Articles Mauritius - The nature of the indenture system in 19th century Mauritius By Aheylia Devi Doongoor https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/public-articles-south-africa daily 0.75 2021-10-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1600439801514-KHNIG8SYGYSXYQBBCBVZ/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles S Africa - History of the ‘Indian Opinion’ newspaper The Significance of Indian Opinion by Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Department of History, University of the Western Cape By Uma Dhupelia-Mesthrie https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1591868003070-X4EJB1OAMZ4LB2D6IXC7/14737605686_7e5452b914_o.jpg Public Articles S Africa - Indian Indentured Labour in Natal 1860-1911 Indian Indentured Labour in Natal 1860-1911 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1600442734328-9542IUD21YOCY9I0I0AU/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles S Africa - The Indian press: A proud history in South Africa “Due to the country’s violent colonial past, segregataion and oppression, the history of the press in South Africa is divided into racial groups…” By: The Journalist https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1600443724934-ZBMDTCACH535F8H7XCRB/11242023433_df86a705c0_k.jpg Public Articles S Africa - Indian South Africans “South Africans of Indian origin comprise a heterogeneous community distinguished by different origins, languages, and religious beliefs…” By South African History Online Photo credit: The British Library via Flickr https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1600780937959-U28BSB1H5YNS1ADVHMNM/Natal_Indian_Congress.jpg Public Articles S Africa - Natal Indian Congress (NIC) “The NIC (Natal Indian Congress) was the first of the Indian Congresses to be formed. It was established in 1894 by Mahatma Gandhi to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal...” By South African History Online https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602514456609-JZDX7RKA38FN1BGFH8KK/29Apr_MadeInChatsworth_Supplied-1.jpg Public Articles S Africa - Made in Chatsworth flies in the face of Covid-19 With the world on the brink of a new economic order brought on by the coronavirus pandemic, some communities are already reaping the benefits of social activism. By Greg Ardé This article was first published by New Frame. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1618405483312-JGRM4TMCCFQF3E6DTQ0Z/unsplash-image-lEIwlnXnq00.jpg Public Articles S Africa - The Afterlives of Indenture “South Africa's history of indentured labor leaves behind a legacy of violence against women among the country's South Asian population.” By Youlendree Appasamy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1605622753700-FDKBGP7MPDJV6W4QZLQG/Johannesburg_Mahatma_Gandhi.jpg Public Articles S Africa - The Statue Movement: Unbolting Gandhi “It is worth remembering that the movement of statues, beheading Columbus in Boston or throwing the slave trader Colston in Bristol, was preceded by a proposal to unbolt the statue of Gandhi…” By Khal Torabully Photo credit: By András Osvát - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1621950005724-P1V7WWNN1K1K3A51RJ68/unsplash-image-kaEpJczq0NE.jpg Public Articles S Africa - Unbowed, Unbroken “The South African activist and man of letters used language as a weapon to defend the marginalised and reflect upon the people, places and culture that defined him.” By Niren Tolsi https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/public-articles-india daily 0.75 2021-10-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1618409861974-G2IPZDGJKAMV4K1M7CST/unsplash-image-9Dt4WutvwDs.jpg Public Articles India - Anti-Indenture Bhojpuri Folk Songs and Poems from North India “Anti-Indenture Bhojpuri Folk Songs and Poems from North India” is available in PDF format here. By Ashutosh Kumar https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1618407294591-18VYMC1EH6SMTNNROWVR/22208356574_50a692d70b_o.jpg Public Articles India - Indenture system ended a century ago, but Indians still face racism in British colonies Indenture system ended a century ago, but Indians still face racism in British colonies https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/public-articles-reunion daily 0.75 2021-10-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602518621548-GVKL4ME5GQVG68GQAB3B/11221307345_a9e7cae669_o.jpg Public Articles Reunion - From India to Reunion Island: From indenture to emancipation “Slavery was officially abolished in Réunion on December 20th 1848, and replaced by indenture…” By Morgan Fache Photo credit: The British Library https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602518325244-VSE606CJTG31OAZRRQWX/960px-Thaipusam_in_Mauritius_-_January_2011_%285372544017%29.jpg Public Articles Reunion - An Indian Reunion Image by carrotmadman6 from Mauritius - DSCN9962, CC BY 2.0 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602587929599-29MMX9RG361R4586XP1H/5729452721_8ddf604d01_c.jpg Public Articles Reunion - 3 quirky Indian tales from French Reunion Island “Reunion Island began as a place where prisoners were left to die. But the prisoners started living idyllic lives – swimming in the sea, climbing mountains, growing rice, vegetables and fruits in the fertile volcanic soil.” By Sudha Pillai https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602588251811-LMVMQZSOGBKZOPX4OTU1/image-asset.jpeg Public Articles Reunion - Reunion Island’s Indian Heritage “The five-million-year-old volcanic Reunion Island was first discovered by Arab traders plying the spice route. Then came the Portuguese, English and finally the French who claimed the uninhabited island in 1643.” By Sudha Pillai Image by Thierry Caro — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 4.0 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1602590560463-6MUYX02BC2RAJUNET7YX/image.jpg Public Articles Reunion - Malbars “Malbars or Malabars are an ethnic group of South Indian Tamil origin in Réunion, a French island in the Southwest Indian Ocean, The Malbars constitute 25% of the population of Réunion and are estimated to be around 180,000.” By Wikiwand https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/public-articles-usa daily 0.75 2021-07-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1603719000329-GBNBH73MYILFBCNSZUU5/Chinese_railroad_workers_in_snow.jpg Public Articles USA - Indentured Servants In The U.S. “Indentured servants first arrived in America in the decade following the settlement of Jamestown by the Virginia Company in 1607.” By: PBS Photo credit: Wikipedia https://ameenagafoorinstitute.org/research daily 0.75 2025-05-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/8c6d20da-851a-4952-933e-cab2dd942390/Opening+of+shrine+to+Mahadeo%2C+Plantation+Blairmont+%28Feb+1924%29.jpeg Emerging Scholarship and Art - Voices from the Rose Hall Uprising, 1913 May 2025 In March 1913, colonial police fired on a crowd of Indian sugar workers on Rose Hall estate, British Guiana, killing fifteen people and injuring thirty-nine more. The following document contains transcripts of seven interviews conducted with Indian indentured labourers in the aftermath of the killings, unearthed during research in the United Kingdom’s National Archives. Despite the horrific conditions of their emergence, the interviews provide a direct and all-too-rare perspective on life and labour in the final years of indentureship in British Guiana, giving voice to the crushing work, the fear of evictions, and the horrors of the police violence, alongside more intimate aspects of life usually left out of the official record – marriage, family, memories of life in India, and motivations for migration. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1632142289731-U4I4FLGZPAIL3JG0OIES/Chinese_coolies_carry_their_burdens.jpg Emerging Scholarship and Art - ‘The Vast Sea of Caribbean Literature’: Scott Ting-A-Kee on History, Myth and the Chinese Caribbean Novel December 2024 Scott Ting-A-Kee is a Guyanese novelist, poet and secondary school teacher. His first novel, Red Hibiscus, was published in 2018, and follows three diviners in ancient China who, through their gifts of foresight, see centuries forward to the time of Chinese indentureship. In this interview with the Ameena Gafoor Institute, Ting-A-Kee discusses the research behind Red Hibiscus, his early encounters with Caribbean literature and the challenges of combining history and myth in literary storytelling. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/cc543e1c-6acf-4d5d-be48-0cb4d17dd76b/IMG_2785.jpeg Emerging Scholarship and Art - Planting in the Ruins: Sugar, Indian Indentureship and Plantation Worlds in British Guiana and Mauritius, 1834-1920 By Ben Jacob, December 2024 ‘Planting in the Ruins’ is a preliminary piece of work based on research on the environmental history of indentureship in British Guiana and Mauritius, undertaken with the supervision of Dr Michael Joseph at Cambridge University. Across three chapters, the study looks at the intimate lives of Indian indentured labourers in relation to sugarcane’s two faces in the late nineteenth century: as a commodity in a newly-liberalised global market, and as a material substance that remade landscapes to extract surplus from people, plants and soil. Working between large-scale histories of liberal capitalism and its racialised labour system, ‘Planting in the Ruins’ traces the history of plantation workers, bound to the canefields by punitive labour laws, exposed to ecological violence by disturbed plantation landscapes, yet united in the effort to turn this forced intimacy with the non-human into a source of collective nourishment. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/32a635f3-e463-438d-b7cc-18fb621c57c7/81QT9FuvbwL._SL1500_.jpg Emerging Scholarship and Art - ‘There Are Certain Things That Fiction Can Do That Nonfiction Cannot’: An Interview With Nishant Batsha April 2024 Nishant Batsha is a novelist and author of Mother Ocean Father Nation (2022), set in a fictional South Pacific island nation in the wake of colonialism, Indian indentured migration and nativist postcolonial politics. In April 2024, Ben Jacob interviewed Nishant about his work. We spoke about his research in Fiji and Trinidad, the relationship between his scholarly work on indentureship and his fictional writing, and the ‘fabulation’ of the island setting of his first novel. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/783b4d67-5b70-4b8f-87fd-f2f2dc928a34/Mother.jpg Emerging Scholarship and Art - Artist Profile: Amanda Hansavathy I am a mother, and a carer to my own elderly mother. My parents were born in Saint Lucia and migrated to the UK in the 1960s. I was born in East London and spent time with my grandfather in Saint Lucia as a teenager, recording his stories. Around this time, I became curious to research my family history, since there was limited information available on how Indian immigrants arrived in the Caribbean. After completing my bachelor’s degree, I worked in the insurance industry for ten years. All the while, I continued to collect pieces of family history with the help of parents and grandparents. Now, I am using my archive towards a Masters in Fine Art at the Royal College of Art. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/be240d21-882b-4c24-8477-fb0044a0a703/image-asset.jpg Emerging Scholarship and Art - ‘Worthy of Freedom’: An Interview With Jonathan Connolly February 2024 Jonathan Connolly is an assistant professor of history at the University of Illinois Chicago, and the author of Worthy of Freedom: Indenture and Free Labor in the Era of Emancipation of the British Empire (June 2024). Connolly’s work focusses on indentureship in Trinidad, British Guiana and Mauritius, tracing mid-nineteenth century debates around race, labour and freedom in the aftermath of the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. In February 2024, the Ameena Gafoor Institute’s Ben Jacob interviewed Connolly about his research on indentureship, his upcoming book and the wider field of indentureship studies. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/294f463e-9041-4876-bbb3-4e02e63c0589/7.jpeg Emerging Scholarship and Art - Artist Profile: Sabrina Tirvengadum I am a deaf British Mauritian visual artist based in East London. My work is a deeply personal exploration of self-discovery, rooted in my British Mauritian heritage. It all began with ancestral research into the Indian indenture system, which unexpectedly revealed a connection to a French aristocratic surname in my family's history. This discovery led me to question the implications of hidden family narratives that have been carried through generations, and particularly how they have affected women in patriarchal societies. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/f26a84ac-d755-4854-bfec-50b9664fe1f2/Dookhee+Gungah.jpg Emerging Scholarship and Art - For the happiness of suffering mankind The legend of Dookhee Gungah By Swetam Gungah, February 2023 This essay provides a glimpse of the life and achievements of Dookhee Gungah, my ancestor. He was born on 11 August 1867 in Mauritius, the eldest son of Fowdur Gungah and Busmoteea, both indentured immigrants who came from India in 1854 and 1857 respectively. He was qualified by his contemporaries as a great philanthropist, father of free education, social reformer, champion of Hinduism, entrepreneur, and patron of Arts and Culture. In the essay, I look at some of the reasons and circumstances that led to him to be bestowed with such endearing accolades. Dookhee Gungah passed away on 24 March 1944, leaving behind a rich legacy, and a unique and inspiring story. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/ee30c966-2b60-4cc9-9368-67ffa07dd5ca/Cheriese+Dilrajh+Flags.jpg Emerging Scholarship and Art - Navigating the African-Indian Ocean as a site of reworlding in South Africa’s post-1994 era Cheriese Dilrajh, Goldsmiths University of London, July 2022 This dissertation was written in Summer 2022 for my MA Art and Politics at Goldsmiths, University of London. Drawing on my own history, I look at the differences in migration within the group racialised as 'Indian' under apartheid in South Africa. Mapping some of the tensions present in the neo-apartheid era, such as xenophobia, anti-blackness and the July 2021 riots, I break down the history and afterlives of migration across class. I conclude, more imaginatively, that the ocean (or the African-Indian Ocean) holds counter-colonial ideals for a world defined by hybridity, fluidity, borderlessness and multiculturalism. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/92b4cddb-5fd7-40bd-89ef-a486234efccd/unsplash-image-45BMSGEGryA.jpg Emerging Scholarship and Art - The ‘Bitterness of Sugar’: Legacies of nineteenth-century indentured migration and the identities of Indians in Guyana By Showbidan Ally, Birkbeck University of London, July 2022 This dissertation was written in Summer 2022 for my undergrad BSc Social Sciences, University of London. Drawing motivation from generational legacies of indentured Indian labourers and inspired by personal historical documentation, I explored literature surrounding their identity transformation during colonisation. The research examined the ramifications of contracted Indian indentureship in the former British Guiana to becoming Indian-Caribbeans and later changing into Indians living in global diasporic communities. Recalling past indentured journeys of sacrifice and by reflection via oral narratives from their descendants, I argued that hardships continued during several colonised passages of time and migration, echoing patterns of racial discrimination. Read more https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5e5fda19fa87013fdaff17fd/1632141647596-6HBD1ZODLAOG7IC2CGTL/Trinidad+Indians+4.jpg Emerging Scholarship and Art - Escaping the Enumerators: An Intimate History of Indentureship Beyond Fact and Fiction By Ben Jacob, Pembroke College, Oxford, December 2021 This dissertation was written in Spring 2021 when I was an undergraduate at Pembroke College, Oxford. In it, I look at the possibility of recovering the forgotten lives of Indo-Caribbean indentured labourers. Juxtaposing archival research with literary fiction, I argue that the archives of indentureship convert human lives into statistical data in which the intimate stories of the indentured are necessarily absent. Placing archival documents alongside historical fiction, I explore the ability of the latter to stretch beyond the limits of the archive, and the role of imagination in remembering the indentured past. 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